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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~rnewton?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_925838d3d8b1f71935f30b314c925d64" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<td class="notification-comment-pattern-container mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px"><strong>Change comment:</strong> Added some headers, moved an info blurb, added a troubleshooting item</td>
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<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Managing+Realtime+Databases+with+Alembic?src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
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<table class="content-excerpt-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">
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<td class="content-excerpt-pattern-container mobile-resize-text " style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 0 24px"> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Asterisk 12 now uses <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/alembic" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Alembic</a> to help manage Asterisk Realtime Database schemas. This includes creation of SQL scripts for a variety of database vendors, but also much more. Alembic is a full database migration tool, with support for upgrading the schemas of existing databases, versioning of schemas, creation of new tables and databases, and a whole lot more. This page covers basic configuration of the Alembic configuration file for usage with Asterisk Realtime as well as basic usage of Alembic. While a full description of Alembic is beyond the scope of this page, the information on this page should help an Asterisk administrator create or upgrade an Asterisk installation.</p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5639/a252d7f5e75d7a8bf7047b4b2c92f71a56a8f048.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/info.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Info</span></th>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Alembic makes upgrading less painful</span></td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">As Asterisk changes and new fields are made controllable via realtime, the Alembic scripts will be updated as well and you will be able to simply run the alembic upgrade command again in order to modify your database. Always exercise due diligence and backup your database before upgrading though. Tables can be fixed easily. Repopulating the data if it's lost however isn't.</span> </p> </td>
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</table> <h2 id="ManagingRealtimeDatabaseswithAlembic-BeforeyouBegin" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Before you Begin</h2> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">This tutorial assumes you already have some experience in setting up Realtime configuration with Asterisk for other modules. This page will not describe how to set up backend database connectors, and is written under the assumption that you will be using ODBC to connect to your database since the ODBC adaptor is capable of connecting to most commonly used database servers. For more information on configuring and setting up Asterisk Realtime, see <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Asterisk Realtime Database</a> configuration.</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5639/a252d7f5e75d7a8bf7047b4b2c92f71a56a8f048.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/tip.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Tip</th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">This does assume that you have pip installed. If you do not have pip installed, easy_install should work just as well. If you don't have <a href="https://github.com/pypa/pip" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-0" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">pip</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> </span>or easy_install (or Python), then you should probably install those first.</p> </td>
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</table> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">For the rest of this tutorial, we will assume that operations will be taken in the context of that directory.</p> <h2 id="ManagingRealtimeDatabaseswithAlembic-ConfiguringAlembic" class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span style="line-height: 1.4285715;"><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Configuring Alembic</span> <br /> </span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="line-height: 1.4285715;">Within this directory, you will find a configuration sample file, <code style="font-family: monospace">config.ini.sample</code>, which will need to be edited to connect to your database of choice. Open this file in your <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">test </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">text </span>editor of choice and then save a copy of this sample file as <code style="font-family: monospace">config.ini</code> - this will serve as the configuration file you actually use with Alembic.</span> </p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p>
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<li> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Update <code style="font-family: monospace">sqlalchemy.url</code> to the URL for your database. An example is shown below for a MySQL database:</p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5639/a252d7f5e75d7a8bf7047b4b2c92f71a56a8f048.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">sqlalchemy.url = mysql://root:password@localhost/asterisk</pre> </td>
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</table> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">This would connect to a MySQL database as user <code style="font-family: monospace">root</code> with password <code style="font-family: monospace">password</code>. The database is <code style="font-family: monospace">asterisk</code>, located on <code style="font-family: monospace">localhost</code>. Different databases will require different URL schemas; however, they should in general follow the format outlined above. Alembic supports many different database technologies, including <code style="font-family: monospace">oracle</code>, <code style="font-family: monospace">postgresql</code>, and <code style="font-family: monospace">mssql</code>.</p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">For more information, see the Alembic documentation on SQLAlchemy URLs: <a href="http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_8/core/engines.html#database-urls" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_8/core/engines.html#database-urls</a> </p> </li>
<li>Update <code style="font-family: monospace">script_location</code> to the schema to update. Asterisk currently supports two sets of schemas:
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<li> <code style="font-family: monospace">config</code> - the set of schemas for Asterisk Realtime databases</li>
<li> <code style="font-family: monospace">voicemail</code> - the schema for ODBC VoiceMail</li>
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</ol> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <h2 id="ManagingRealtimeDatabaseswithAlembic-Executingthedatabaseupgrade" class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Executing the database upgrade</span> </h2>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5639/a252d7f5e75d7a8bf7047b4b2c92f71a56a8f048.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/warning.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Warning</th>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't let you do that.</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Using config.ini for Alembic will populate tables for all of the configuration objects that can be populated this way, so if you really don't want a table for sip peers, iax friends, voicemail, meetme, and music on hold, you may need to exercise a little fine control. Back up your database before continuing and be prepared to delete tables that you don't want when you are finished.</p> </td>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5639/a252d7f5e75d7a8bf7047b4b2c92f71a56a8f048.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">$ alembic -c config.ini upgrade head</pre> </td>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5639/a252d7f5e75d7a8bf7047b4b2c92f71a56a8f048.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/info.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Info</span></th>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">title</span></td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Alembic makes upgrading less painful</span></td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">As Asterisk changes and new fields are made controllable via realtime, the Alembic scripts will be updated as well and you will be able to simply run the alembic upgrade command again in order to modify your database. Always exercise due diligence and backup your database before upgrading though. Tables can be fixed easily. Repopulating the data if it's lost however isn't.</span> </p> </td>
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</table> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">At this point, if you configured your config.ini to connect to the database properly, your tables should be ready.</p> <h2 id="ManagingRealtimeDatabaseswithAlembic-Troubleshootingtheupgrade" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-4" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Troubleshooting the upgrade</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Symptom:</span></strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> Running 'alembic -c config.ini upgrade head' fails with a traceback:</span> </p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5639/a252d7f5e75d7a8bf7047b4b2c92f71a56a8f048.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/alembic", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('alembic==0.7.5.post2', 'console_scripts', 'alembic')()
<snip>
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/mysqldb.py", line 92, in dbapi
return __import__('MySQLdb')
ImportError: No module named MySQLdb</span>
</pre> </td>
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</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Solution</span></strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">: You probably need the Python interface to MySQL installed.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">For example, with Ubuntu, install the following package and then re-run your Alembic upgrade.</span> </p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5639/a252d7f5e75d7a8bf7047b4b2c92f71a56a8f048.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"># apt-get install python-mysqldb</span>
</pre> </td>
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</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> </span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> </span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> </span> </p> </td>
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