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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~mmichelson?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_99ed0aa29d6f204db4785296f8170422" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<td class="notification-comment-pattern-container mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px"><strong>Change comment:</strong> Started on inbound registrations a bit.</td>
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<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Troubleshooting+Guide?src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
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<table class="content-excerpt-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">
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<td class="content-excerpt-pattern-container mobile-resize-text " style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 0 24px"> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">...</p>
<ul class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li>If the device is expected to register, then it may be that the device is either not properly configured or that there was a registration failure. See the section about registrations (NOTE: COME BACK AND PROVIDE PROPER NAME/LINK) for details on how to resolve that problem.</li>
<li>If the device is not intended to register, then the AoR needs to have a <code style="font-family: monospace">contact</code> option set on it. See the previous bulleted list for possible <code style="font-family: monospace">contact</code>-related pitfalls.</li>
</ul> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-ARGH!NAT!(Part2)" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">ARGH! NAT! (Part 2)</h2> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-BridgedCalls" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Bridged Calls</span> </h1> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">NAT makes babies cry.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">For outbound calls, the main NAT issue you are likely to come across is Asterisk publishing an unroutable private address in its Contact header. If this is an issue you are facing, this can be corrected by setting the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">local_net</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">, </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">external_signaling_address</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">, and </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">external_signaling_port</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> options for the transport you are using when communicating with the endpoint. For more information on how this can be set up, please see </span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">this page</span></a><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">.</span> </p> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-BridgedCalls" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Bridged Calls</span> </h1> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Audioproblems" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 10px"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Audio problems</span> </h2> <h3 id="TroubleshootingGuide-UnexpectedCodecNegotiation" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0; margin-top: 10px"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Unexpected Codec Negotiation</span> </h3> <h3 id="TroubleshootingGuide-One-wayaudioornoaudio" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">One</span><span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-0" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">-way audio or no audio</span> </h3> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Directmediaisnotbeingused" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Direct media is not being used</h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Direct media is a feature that allows for media to bypass Asterisk and flow directly between two endpoints. This can save resources on the Asterisk system and allow for more simultaneous calls. The following conditions are required for direct media. If any are not met, then direct media is not possible:</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">There must only be two endpoints involved in the call.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Both endpoints involved in the call must have the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">direct_media</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option enabled.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The call must be a regular person-to-person call. Calls through ConfBridge() and Meetme() cannot use direct media.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The sets of codecs in use by each endpoint during the call must have a non-empty intersection. In other words, each endpoint must be using at least one codec that the other endpoint is using.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Any features in Asterisk that manipulate, record, or inject media may not be used. This includes:</span>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The Monitor() and Mixmonitor() applications</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The Chanspy() application</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The JACK() application</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The VOLUME() function</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The TALK_DETECT() function</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The SPEEX() function</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The PERIODIC_HOOK() function</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The 'L' option to the Dial() application</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">An ARI snoop</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">A jitter buffer</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">A FAX gateway</span> </li>
</ul> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">No features that require that Asterisk intercept DTMF may be used. This includes the T, t, K, k, W, w, X, and x options to the Dial() application.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If either endpoint has the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">disable_direct_media_on_nat</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option set, and a possible media NAT is detected, then direct media will not be used. This option is disabled by default, so you would have to explicitly set this option for this to be a problem.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The two endpoints must be in the same bridge with each other. If the two endpoints are in separate bridges, and those two bridges are connected with one or more local channels, then direct media is not possible.</span> </li>
</ul> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Double-check that all requirements are met. Unfortunately, Asterisk does not provide much in the way of debug for determining why it has chosen </span><strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">not</span></strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> to use direct media.</span> </p> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-InboundRegistrations" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Inbound Registrations</h1> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">For inbound registrations, a lot of the same problems that can happen on inbound calls may occur. Asterisk goes through the same endpoint identification and authentication process as for incoming calls, so if your registrations are failing for those reasons, consult the troubleshooting guide for incoming calls to determine what the problem may be.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If your problem is not solved by looking in those sections, then you may have a problem that relates directly to the act of registering. Before continuing, here is a sample REGISTER request sent to an Asterisk server:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">REGISTER sip:10.24.20.249:5060 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.24.16.37:5060;rport;branch=z9hG4bKPj.rPtUH-P33vMFd68cLZjQj0QQxdu6mNx
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "200" <sip:200@10.24.20.249>;tag=BXs-nct8-XOe7Q7tspK3Vl3iqUa0cmzc
To: "200" <sip:200@10.24.20.249>
Call-ID: C0yYQJ8h776wbheBiUEqCin.ZhcBB.tZ
CSeq: 5200 REGISTER
User-Agent: Digium D40 1_4_0_0_57389
Contact: "200" <sip:200@10.24.16.37:5060;ob>
Expires: 300
Allow: PRACK, INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, UPDATE, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, REFER, MESSAGE, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 0</span>
</pre> </td>
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</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">This REGISTER was sent by the endpoint 200. The URI in the To header is "sip:200@10.24.20.249". Asterisk extracts the username portion of this URI to determine the address of record (AoR) that the REGISTER pertains to. In this case, the AoR has the same name as the endpoint, 200. The URI in the Contact header is "sip:200@10.24.16.37:5060;ob". The REGISTER request is attempting to bind this contact URI to the AoR. Ultimately, what this means is that when someone requests to reach endpoint 200, Asterisk will check the AoRs associated with the endpoint, and send requests to all contact URIs that have been bound to the AoR. In other words, the REGISTER gives Asterisk the means to locate the endpoint.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">You can ensure that your configuration is sane by performing a couple of steps on the Asterisk CLI. To check the status of a particular AoR, you can run the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">pjsip show aor <aor name></span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> CLI command. This will show you what contact URIs have been bound to that AoR. Furthermore, you can run the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">pjsip show endpoint <endpoint name></span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> CLI command to determine if the endpoint is associated with the AoR. PICK UP HERE NEXT TIME.</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the endpoint that is attempting to register has been permitted to bind contacts to the AoR by setting the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">aors</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> endpoint option to the correct value. Note that the option is called </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">aors</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> and not </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">aor</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">.</span> </li>
</ul> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-OutboundRegistrations" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Outbound Registrations</h1> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-InboundSubscriptions" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Inbound Subscriptions</h1> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> </td>
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