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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~mmichelson?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_99ed0aa29d6f204db4785296f8170422" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
<td id="header-text-container" valign="middle" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: middle; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">Mark Michelson <strong>edited</strong> a page</td>
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<td class="notification-comment-pattern-container mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px"><strong>Change comment:</strong> Added more content. Still a lot more to go.</td>
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<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Troubleshooting+Guide?src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding-right: 5px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" id="page-title-pattern-header-container"><span id="page-title-pattern-header" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; padding: 0; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; mso-text-raise: 2px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Troubleshooting+Guide?src=email" title="Troubleshooting Guide" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Troubleshooting Guide</a></span></td>
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<table class="content-excerpt-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/warning.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Warning</th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">This page is currently under construction. Please refrain from commenting until this warning is removed.</p> </td>
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</table> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Overview" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(133,120,102);">Overview</span> </h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Are you having problems getting your PJSIP setup working properly? If you are encountering a common problem then hopefully your answer can be found on this page.</p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Before looking any further here, you should make sure that you have gathered enough information from Asterisk to know what your issue is. It is suggested that you perform the following actions at the Asterisk CLI:</p>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <code style="font-family: monospace">core set verbose 4</code> </li>
<li> <code style="font-family: monospace">core set debug 4</code> </li>
<li> <code style="font-family: monospace">pjsip set logger on</code> </li>
</ul> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">With these options enabled, this will allow you to more easily see what is going on behind the scenes in your failing scenario. It also can help you to cross-reference entries on this page since several debug, warning, and error messages will be quoted here.</p> </td>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/panel.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Panel</th>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">title</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">On this Page</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"></p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/toc.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Table of Contents</th>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">maxLevel</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">2</td>
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</table> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-InboundCalls" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Inbound Calls</h1> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-UnrecognizedEndpoint" class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Unrecognized Endpoint</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">All inbound SIP traffic to Asterisk must be matched to a configured endpoint. If Asterisk is unable to determine which endpoint the SIP request is coming from, then the incoming request will be rejected. If you are seeing messages like:</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p>
<ul class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li>Ensure that your identify section has <code style="font-family: monospace">type = identify</code> in it. Without this, Asterisk will completely ignore the configuration section.</li>
<li>Ensure that your identify section has an <code style="font-family: monospace">endpoint =</code> option set in it and that the endpoint is spelled correctly.</li>
<li>Double-check your <code style="font-family: monospace">match</code> lines for common errors:
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li>You cannot use FQDNs or hostnames. You must use IP addresses.</li>
<li>Ensure that you do not have an invalid netmask (e.g. 10.9.3.4/255.255.255.300, 127.0.0.1/33).</li>
<li>Ensure that you have not mixed up /0 and /32 when using CIDR notation.</li>
</ul> </li>
<li> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">If you are using a configuration method other than a config file, ensure that <code style="font-family: monospace">sorcery.conf</code> is configured correctly. Since identify sections are not provided by the base <code style="font-family: monospace">res_pjsip.so</code> module, you must ensure that the configuration resides in the <code style="font-family: monospace">res_pjsip_endpoint_identifier_ip</code> section of <code style="font-family: monospace">sorcery.conf</code>. For example, if you are using dynamic realtime, you might have the following configuration:</p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/panel.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Panel</th>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">title</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">sorcery.conf</td>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-properties" style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;padding: 0; border: 1px solid #dddddd;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">nopanel</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">true</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">[res_pjsip_endpoint_identifier_ip]
identify = realtime,ps_endpoint_id_ips</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">And then you would need the corresponding config in <code style="font-family: monospace">extconfig.conf</code>:</p>
<table class="diff-macro" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/panel.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Panel</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-properties" style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;padding: 0; border: 1px solid #dddddd;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">title</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">extconfig.conf</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table class="diff-macro" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-properties" style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;padding: 0; border: 1px solid #dddddd;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">nopanel</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">true</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">[settings]
ps_endpoint_id_ips => odbc </pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </li>
</ul> <h3 id="TroubleshootingGuide-AnonymousIdentification" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0">Anonymous Identification</h3> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;"> </span> </p> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Authenticationisfailing" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Authentication is failing</span> </h2> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Asteriskcannotfindthespecifiedextension" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Asterisk cannot find the specified extension</span> </h2> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-ARGH!NAT!" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">ARGH! NAT!</span> </h2> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-OutboundCalls" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Outbound Calls</span> </h1> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Asteriskhasnoaddressformyendpoint" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 10px"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Asterisk has no address for my endpoint</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Anonymous endpoint identification allows for a specially-named endpoint called "anonymous" to be matched if other endpoint identifiers are not able to determine which endpoint a request originates from. The </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">res_pjsip_endpoint_identifier_anonymous.so</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> module is responsible for matching the incoming request to the anonymous endpoint. If SIP traffic that you expect to be matched to the anonymous endpoint is being rejected, try the following troubleshooting steps:</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">res_pjsip_endpoint_identifier_anonymous.so</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> is loaded and running. From the Asterisk CLI, run </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">module show like res_pjsip_endpoint_identifier_anonymous.so</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">. The output should look like the following:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Module Description Use Count Status Support Level
res_pjsip_endpoint_identifier_anonymous.so PJSIP Anonymous endpoint identifier 0 Running core</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the "anonymous" endpoint has been properly loaded. See the troubleshooting steps in the Identify by User section for more details about how to determine if an endpoint has been loaded.</span> </li>
</ul> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Authenticationisfailing" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Authentication is failing</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The first thing you should check if you believe that authentication is failing is to ensure that this is the actual problem. Consider the following SIP call from endpoint 200 to Asterisk:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><--- Received SIP request (1053 bytes) from UDP:10.24.16.37:5060 --->
INVITE sip:201@10.24.20.249 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.24.16.37:5060;rport;branch=z9hG4bKPjQevrxvXqk9Lk5xSW.pzQQb8SAWnJ5Lll
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "200" <sip:200@10.24.20.249>;tag=DTD-tYEwFMmbPyu0YWalLQdbEUGSLGN5
To: <sip:201@10.24.20.249>
Contact: "200" <sip:200@10.24.16.37:5060;ob>
Call-ID: q.TF2SAaX3jn8dtaLTOCuIO8FRyDCsSR
CSeq: 9775 INVITE
Allow: PRACK, INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, UPDATE, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, REFER, MESSAGE, OPTIONS
Supported: replaces, 100rel, timer, norefersub
Session-Expires: 1800
Min-SE: 90
User-Agent: Digium D40 1_4_0_0_57389
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 430
v=0
o=- 108683760 108683760 IN IP4 10.24.16.37
s=digphn
c=IN IP4 10.24.16.37
t=0 0
a=X-nat:0
m=audio 4046 RTP/AVP 0 8 9 111 18 58 118 58 96
a=rtcp:4047 IN IP4 10.24.16.37
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000
a=rtpmap:9 G722/8000
a=rtpmap:111 G726-32/8000
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:58 L16/16000
a=rtpmap:118 L16/8000
a=rtpmap:58 L16-256/16000
a=sendrecv
a=rtpmap:96 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:96 0-15
<--- Transmitting SIP response (543 bytes) to UDP:10.24.16.37:5060 --->
SIP/2.0 401 Unauthorized
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.24.16.37:5060;rport;received=10.24.16.37;branch=z9hG4bKPjQevrxvXqk9Lk5xSW.pzQQb8SAWnJ5Lll
Call-ID: q.TF2SAaX3jn8dtaLTOCuIO8FRyDCsSR
From: "200" <sip:200@10.24.20.249>;tag=DTD-tYEwFMmbPyu0YWalLQdbEUGSLGN5
To: <sip:201@10.24.20.249>;tag=z9hG4bKPjQevrxvXqk9Lk5xSW.pzQQb8SAWnJ5Lll
CSeq: 9775 INVITE
WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="asterisk",nonce="1413305427/8dd1b7f56aba97da45754f7052d8a688",opaque="3b9c806b61adf911",algorithm=md5,qop="auth"
Content-Length: 0
<--- Received SIP request (370 bytes) from UDP:10.24.16.37:5060 --->
ACK sip:201@10.24.20.249 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.24.16.37:5060;rport;branch=z9hG4bKPjQevrxvXqk9Lk5xSW.pzQQb8SAWnJ5Lll
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "200" <sip:200@10.24.20.249>;tag=DTD-tYEwFMmbPyu0YWalLQdbEUGSLGN5
To: <sip:201@10.24.20.249>;tag=z9hG4bKPjQevrxvXqk9Lk5xSW.pzQQb8SAWnJ5Lll
Call-ID: q.TF2SAaX3jn8dtaLTOCuIO8FRyDCsSR
CSeq: 9775 ACK
Content-Length: 0
<--- Received SIP request (1343 bytes) from UDP:10.24.16.37:5060 --->
INVITE sip:201@10.24.20.249 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.24.16.37:5060;rport;branch=z9hG4bKPjCrZnx79augJPtGcTbYlXEs2slZNtwYeC
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "200" <sip:200@10.24.20.249>;tag=DTD-tYEwFMmbPyu0YWalLQdbEUGSLGN5
To: <sip:201@10.24.20.249>
Contact: "200" <sip:200@10.24.16.37:5060;ob>
Call-ID: q.TF2SAaX3jn8dtaLTOCuIO8FRyDCsSR
CSeq: 9776 INVITE
Allow: PRACK, INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, UPDATE, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, REFER, MESSAGE, OPTIONS
Supported: replaces, 100rel, timer, norefersub
Session-Expires: 1800
Min-SE: 90
User-Agent: Digium D40 1_4_0_0_57389
Authorization: Digest username="200", realm="asterisk", nonce="1413305427/8dd1b7f56aba97da45754f7052d8a688", uri="sip:201@10.24.20.249", response="2da759314909af8507a59cd1b6bc0baa", algorithm=md5, cnonce="-me-qsYc.rGU-I5A6n-Dy8IhCBg9wKe8", opaque="3b9c806b61adf911", qop=auth, nc=00000001
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 430
v=0
o=- 108683760 108683760 IN IP4 10.24.16.37
s=digphn
c=IN IP4 10.24.16.37
t=0 0
a=X-nat:0
m=audio 4046 RTP/AVP 0 8 9 111 18 58 118 58 96
a=rtcp:4047 IN IP4 10.24.16.37
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000
a=rtpmap:9 G722/8000
a=rtpmap:111 G726-32/8000
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:58 L16/16000
a=rtpmap:118 L16/8000
a=rtpmap:58 L16-256/16000
a=sendrecv
a=rtpmap:96 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:96 0-15
<--- Transmitting SIP response (543 bytes) to UDP:10.24.16.37:5060 --->
SIP/2.0 401 Unauthorized
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.24.16.37:5060;rport;received=10.24.16.37;branch=z9hG4bKPjCrZnx79augJPtGcTbYlXEs2slZNtwYeC
Call-ID: q.TF2SAaX3jn8dtaLTOCuIO8FRyDCsSR
From: "200" <sip:200@10.24.20.249>;tag=DTD-tYEwFMmbPyu0YWalLQdbEUGSLGN5
To: <sip:201@10.24.20.249>;tag=z9hG4bKPjCrZnx79augJPtGcTbYlXEs2slZNtwYeC
CSeq: 9776 INVITE
WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="asterisk",nonce="1413305427/8dd1b7f56aba97da45754f7052d8a688",opaque="0b5a53ab6484480a",algorithm=md5,qop="auth"
Content-Length: 0
<--- Received SIP request (370 bytes) from UDP:10.24.16.37:5060 --->
ACK sip:201@10.24.20.249 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 10.24.16.37:5060;rport;branch=z9hG4bKPjCrZnx79augJPtGcTbYlXEs2slZNtwYeC
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "200" <sip:200@10.24.20.249>;tag=DTD-tYEwFMmbPyu0YWalLQdbEUGSLGN5
To: <sip:201@10.24.20.249>;tag=z9hG4bKPjCrZnx79augJPtGcTbYlXEs2slZNtwYeC
Call-ID: q.TF2SAaX3jn8dtaLTOCuIO8FRyDCsSR
CSeq: 9776 ACK
Content-Length: 0</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">At first glance, it would appear that the incoming call was challenged for authentication, and that 200 then failed to authenticate on the second INVITE sent. The actual problem here is that the endpoint 200 does not exist within Asterisk. Whenever a SIP request arrives and Asterisk cannot match the request to a configured endpoint, Asterisk will respond to the request with a 401 Unauthorized response. The response will contain a WWW-Authenticate header to make it look as though Asterisk is requesting authentication. Since no endpoint was actually matched, the authentication challenge created by Asterisk is just dummy information and is actually impossible to authenticate against.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The reason this is done is to prevent an information leak. Consider an attacker that sends SIP INVITEs to an Asterisk box, each from a different user. If the attacker happens to send a SIP INVITE from a user name that matches an actual endpoint on the system, then Asterisk will respond to that INVITE with an authentication challenge using that endpoint's authentication credentials. But what happens if the attacker sends a SIP INVITE from a user name that does not match an endpoint on the system? If Asterisk responds differently, then Asterisk has leaked information by responding differently. If Asterisk sends a response that looks the same, though, then the attacker is unable to easily determine what user names are valid for the Asterisk system.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">So if you are seeing what appears to be authentication problems, the first thing you should do is to read the Unrecognized Endpoint section above and ensure that the endpoint you think the SIP request is coming from is actually configured properly. If it turns out that the endpoint is configured properly, here are some trouble-shooting steps to ensure that authentication is working as intended:</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that username and password in the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">type = auth</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> section are spelled correctly and that they are </span><strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">using the correct case</span></strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">. If you have "Alice" as the username on your phone and "alice" as the username in Asterisk, things will go poorly.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If you are using the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">md5_cred</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option in an auth section, ensure the following:</span>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that you have set </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">auth_type = md5</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the calculated MD5 sum is composed of </span><em><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">username:realm:password</span></em> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the calculated MD5 sum did not contain any extraneous whitespace, such as a newline character at the end.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure there were no copy-paste errors. An MD5 sum is exactly 32 hexadecimal characters. If the option in your config file contains fewer or greater than 32 characters, or if any of the characters are not hexadecimal characters, then the MD5 sum is invalid.</span> </li>
</ul> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that you have specified a </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">username</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">. Asterisk does not imply a username based on the name of the auth section.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the configured </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">realm</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> is acceptable. In most cases, simple SIP devices like phones will authenticate to whatever realm is presented to them, so you do not need to configure one explicitly. However, if a specific realm is required, be sure it is configured. Be sure that if you are using the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">md5_cred</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option that this realm name is used in the calculation of the MD5 sum.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the endpoint that is communicating with Asterisk uses the "Digest" method of authentication and the "md5" algorithm. If they use something else, then Asterisk will not understand and reject the authentication attempt.</span> </li>
</ul> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-AuthenticationNotAttempted" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Authentication Not Attempted</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The opposite problem of authentication failures is that incoming calls are not being challenged for authentication where it would be expected. Asterisk chooses to challenge for authentication if the endpoint from which the request arrives has a configured </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">auth</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option on it. From the CLI, run the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">pjsip show endpoint <endpoint name></span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> command. Below the initial headers should be something like the following:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> Endpoint: david/6001 Unavailable 0 of inf
InAuth: david-auth/david
Aor: david 10
Transport: main-transport udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5060
Identify: 10.24.16.36/32</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Notice the "InAuth" on the second line of output. This shows that the endpoint's auth is pointing to a configuration section called "david-auth" and that the auth section has a username of "david". If you do not see an "InAuth" specified for the endpoint, then this means that Asterisk does not see that the endpoint is configured for authentication. Check the following:</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that there is an </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">auth =</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> line in your endpoint's configuration.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the auth that your endpoint is pointing to actually exists. Spelling is important.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the auth that your endpoint is pointing to has </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">type = auth</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> specified in it.</span> </li>
</ul> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Asteriskcannotfindthespecifiedextension" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Asterisk cannot find the specified extension</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If you are seeing a message like the following on your CLI when you place an incoming call:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">[2014-10-14 13:22:45.886] NOTICE[1583]: res_pjsip_session.c:1538 new_invite: Call from '201' (UDP:10.24.18.87:5060) to extension '456789' rejected because extension not found in context 'default'.</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">then it means that Asterisk was not able to direct the incoming call to an appropriate extension in the dialplan. In the case above, I dialled "456789" on the phone that corresponds with endpoint 201. Endpoint 201 is configured with </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">context = default</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> and the "default" context in my dialplan does not have an extension "456789".</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The NOTICE message can be helpful in this case, since it tells what endpoint the call is from, what extension it is looking for, and in what context it is searching. Here are some helpful tips to be sure that calls are being directed where you expect:</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Be sure that the endpoint has the expected context configured. Be sure to check spelling.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Be sure that the extension being dialled exists in the dialplan. From the Asterisk CLI, run </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">dialplan show <context name></span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> to see the extensions for a particular context. If the extension you are dialing is not listed, then Asterisk does not know about the extension.</span> <br />
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that if you have modified </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">extensions.conf</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> recently that you have saved your changes and issued a </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">dialplan reload</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> from the Asterisk CLI.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the extension being dialled has a 1 priority.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure the the extension being dialled is in the expected dialplan context.</span> </li>
</ul> </li>
</ul> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-ARGH!NAT!" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">ARGH! NAT!</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">NAT is objectively terrible. Before having a look at this section, have a look at </span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">this page</span></a><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> to be sure that you understand the options available to help combat the problems NAT can cause.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">NAT can adversely affect all areas of SIP calls, but we'll focus for now on how they can negatively affect the ability to allow for incoming calls to be set up. The most common issues are the following:</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Asterisk routes responses to incoming SIP requests to the wrong location.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Asterisk gives the far end an unroutable private address to send SIP traffic to during the call.</span> </li>
</ul> <h3 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Asterisksendstraffictounroutableaddress" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Asterisk sends traffic to unroutable address</span> </h3> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The endpoint option that controls how Asterisk routes responses is </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">force_rport</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">. By default, this option is enabled and causes Asterisk to send responses to the address and port from which the request was received. This default behavior works well when Asterisk is on a different side of a NAT from the device that is calling in. Since Asterisk presumably cannot route responses to the device itself, Asterisk instead routes the response back to where it received the request from.</span> </p> <h3 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Asteriskgivesunroutableaddresstodevice" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Asterisk gives unroutable address to device</span> </h3> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">By default, Asterisk will place its own IP address into Contact headers when responding to SIP requests. This can be a problem if the Asterisk server is not routable from the remote device. The </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">local_net</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">, </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">external_signaling_address</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">, and </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">external_signaling_port</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> transport options can assist in preventing this. By setting these options, Asterisk can detect an address as being a "local" address and replace them with "external" addresses instead.</span> </p> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-OutboundCalls" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Outbound Calls</span> </h1> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Asterisksaysmyendpointdoesnotexist" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 10px"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Asterisk says my endpoint does not exist</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If you see a message like the following:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">[2014-10-14 15:50:50.407] ERROR[2004]: chan_pjsip.c:1767 request: Unable to create PJSIP channel - endpoint 'hammerhead' was not found</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">then this means that Asterisk thinks the endpoint you are trying to dial does not exist. For troubleshooting tips about how to ensure that endpoints are loaded as expected, check the Identify by User subsection in the Incoming Calls section.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Alternatively, if you see a message like the following:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">[2014-10-14 15:55:06.292] ERROR[2578][C-00000000]: netsock2.c:303 ast_sockaddr_resolve: getaddrinfo("hammerhead", "(null)", ...): Name or service not known
[2014-10-14 15:55:06.292] WARNING[2578][C-00000000]: chan_sip.c:6116 create_addr: No such host: hammerhead
[2014-10-14 15:55:06.292] DEBUG[2578][C-00000000]: chan_sip.c:29587 sip_request_call: Cant create SIP call - target device not registered</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">or</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">[2014-10-14 15:55:58.440] WARNING[2700][C-00000000]: channel.c:5946 ast_request: No channel type registered for 'SIP'
[2014-10-14 15:55:58.440] WARNING[2700][C-00000000]: app_dial.c:2431 dial_exec_full: Unable to create channel of type 'SIP' (cause 66 - Channel not implemented)</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">then it means that your dialplan is referencing "SIP/hammerhead" instead of "PJSIP/hammerhead". Change your dialplan to refer to the correct channel driver, and don't forget to </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">dialplan reload</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> when you are finished.</span> </p> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-Asteriskcannotroutemycall" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Asterisk cannot route my call</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If Asterisk is finding your endpoint successfully, it may be that Asterisk has no address information when trying to dial the endpoint. You may see a message like the following:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">[2014-10-14 15:58:06.690] WARNING[2743]: res_pjsip/location.c:155 ast_sip_location_retrieve_contact_from_aor_list: Unable to determine contacts from empty aor list
[2014-10-14 15:58:06.690] WARNING[2834][C-00000000]: app_dial.c:2431 dial_exec_full: Unable to create channel of type 'PJSIP' (cause 3 - No route to destination)</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If you see this, then the endpoint you are dialling has no associated address of record (AoR) associated with it. AoRs are necessary in order to determine the appropriate destination of the call. To see if your endpoint has an associated AoR, run </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">pjsip show endpoint <endpoint name></span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> from the Asterisk CLI. The following is sample output of an endpoint that </span><strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">does</span></strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> have an AoR configured on it:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> Endpoint: david/6001 Unavailable 0 of inf
InAuth: david-auth/david
Aor: david 10
Transport: main-transport udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5060
Identify: 10.24.16.36/32</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Notice the third line. The endpoint points to the AoR section called "david". If your endpoint does not have an AoR associated with it, this third line will be absent.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If you think you have associated your endpoint with an AoR, but one does not appear in the CLI, then here are some troubleshooting steps:</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that you have set the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">aors</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option on the endpoint. Notice that the option is not </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">aor</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> (there is an 's' at the end).</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that the AoR pointed to by the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">aors</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option exists. Check your spelling!</span> </li>
</ul> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If those appear to be okay, it may be that there was an error when attempting to load the AoR from configuration. From the Asterisk CLI, run the command </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">pjsip show aor <aor name></span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">. If you see a message like</span> </p>
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<thead>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Unable to find object heman.</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Then it means the AoR did not get loaded properly. Here are some troubleshooting steps to ensure your AoR is configured correctly:</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that your AoR has </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">type = aor</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> set on it.</span> </li>
<li> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Ensure that there were no nonexistent configuration options set. You can check the logs at Asterisk startup to see if there were any options Asterisk did not understand. For instance, you may see something like:</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">[2014-10-14 16:16:20.658] ERROR[2939]: config_options.c:710 aco_process_var: Could not find option suitable for category '1000' named 'awesomeness' at line 219 of
[2014-10-14 16:16:20.659] ERROR[2939]: res_sorcery_config.c:275 sorcery_config_internal_load: Could not create an object of type 'aor' with id '1000' from configuration file 'pjsip.conf'</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">In this case, I tried to set an option called "awesomeness" on the AoR 1000. Since Asterisk did not recognize this option, AoR 1000 was unable to be loaded.</span> </p> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">contact</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option can be a pitfall. There is an object type called "contact" that is documented on the wiki, which may make you think that the AoR option should point to the name of a contact object that you have configured. On the contrary, the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">contact</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option for an AoR is meant to be a SIP URI. The resulting contact object will be created by Asterisk based on the provided URI. Make sure when setting the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">contact</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> that you use a full SIP URI and not just an IP address.</span> </li>
</ul> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Another issue you may encounter is that you have properly configured an AoR on the endpoint but that this particular AoR has no contact URIs bound to it. From the CLI, run the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">pjsip show aor <aor name></span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> command to see details about the AoR. Here is an example of an AoR that has a contact URI bound to it.</span> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-html-added diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;background-color: #ddfade;border-color: #93c49f;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB/5635/60fd2eb45debbf4ede2b669f4c9b96b4ce40a937.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/noformat.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>No Format</span></th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> Aor: 201 1
Contact: 201/sip:201@10.24.18.87:5060;ob Unknown nan</span>
</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The "Contact:" line shows the URI "sip:201@10.24.18.87:5060;ob" is bound to the AoR 201. If the AoR does not have any contacts bound to it, then no Contact lines would appear. The absence of Contact lines can be explained by any of the following:</span> </p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If the device is expected to register, then it may be that the device is either not properly configured or that there was a registration failure. See the section about registrations (NOTE: COME BACK AND PROVIDE PROPER NAME/LINK) for details on how to resolve that problem.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If the device is not intended to register, then the AoR needs to have a </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">contact</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> option set on it. See the previous bulleted list for possible </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">contact</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">-related pitfalls.</span> </li>
</ul> <h2 id="TroubleshootingGuide-ARGH!NAT!(Part2)" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">ARGH! NAT! (Part 2)</h2> <h1 id="TroubleshootingGuide-BridgedCalls" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Bridged Calls</h1> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> </td>
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