<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0" />
<base href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki" />
<title>Message Title</title>
<style type="text/css">@media only screen and (max-device-width: 480px) {.mobile-only {
width: auto !important;
height: auto !important;
overflow: visible !important;
line-height: normal !important;
font-size: inherit !important;
mso-hide: all;
}
.desktop-only {
display: none !important;
}
/* iPhone 3GS fix for unwanted 20px right margin */
body { min-width: 100% !important; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
#center-content-table { max-width: none; !important; }
#header-pattern-container { padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px !important; line-height: 20px !important; }
#header-avatar-image-container { padding-right: 8px !important; }
#email-content-container { padding: 0 !important; }
.mobile-expand { border-radius: 0 !important; border-left: 0 !important; border-right: 0 !important; padding-left: 26px !important;}
.mobile-resize-text { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; }
#page-title-pattern-header { font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 28px !important; }
#page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell { padding-top: 7px !important; }
#inline-user-pattern { display: block !important; }
#inline-user-pattern-avatar { padding-top: 3px !important; }
.contextual-area-pattern { border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc !important; padding: 15px 10px 0 10px !important;}
.users-involved-pattern-column-table { width: 100% !important; }
.users-involved-pattern-avatar-table-cell { padding: 3px 5px 5px 0 !important; }
.users-involved-pattern-column-container { padding-right: 0 !important; }
.contextual-excerpt-pattern, #users-involved-pattern { border: 0 !important; }
/** Aui Typography upsized for mobile **/
#content-excerpt-pattern-container, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h1, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h1 { font-size: 24px !important; line-height: 28px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h2, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h2 { font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 28px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h3, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h3 { font-size: 18px !important; line-height: 24px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h4, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h4 { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h5, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h5 { font-size: 14px !important; line-height: 20px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h6, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h6 { font-size: 14px !important; line-height: 20px !important; }
.user-mention { line-height: 18px !important; }
/** Aui Typography end **/
/* Show appropriate footer logo on mobile, display links vertically */
#footer-pattern { padding: 15px 10px !important; }
#footer-pattern-logo-desktop-container { padding: 0 !important; }
#footer-pattern-logo-desktop { width: 0 !important; height: 0 !important; }
#footer-pattern-logo-mobile {
padding-top: 10px !important;
width: 30px !important;
height: 27px !important;
display: inline !important;
}
#footer-pattern-text {
display: block !important;
}
#footer-pattern-links-container { line-height: 0 !important;}
.footer-pattern-links.mobile-resize-text,
.footer-pattern-links.mobile-resize-text,
#footer-pattern-text.mobile-resize-text,
#footer-pattern-links-container.no-footer-links {
font-size: 14px !important;
line-height: 20px !important;
}
.footer-link { display: block !important; }
#footer-pattern-links-container table { display: inline-block !important; float: none !important; }
#footer-pattern-links-container, #footer-pattern-text { text-align: center !important; }
#footer-pattern-links { padding-bottom: 5px !important; }
/** Team Calendar overrides, these should be removed when notifications are updated in Team Calendars. For now CSS
overrides are being used because the structure of the content can't change without rereleasing the plugin */
.mail-calendar-container .day-header + table tr td:first-child {
vertical-align: top !important;
padding-top: 5px !important;
}}
@media (min-width: 900px) {#center-content-table { width: 900px; }}
@media all {#outlook a {padding:0;} /* Force Outlook to provide a "view in browser" menu link. */
/* Prevent Webkit and Windows Mobile platforms from changing default font sizes.*/
body{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%; -ms-text-size-adjust:100%;}
.ExternalClass {width:100%;} /* Force Hotmail to display emails at full width */
#background-table {margin:0; padding:0; width:100% !important; }
/* Needed to override highlighting on date and time links in iOS */
.grey a {color: #707070; text-decoration: none; }}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table id="background-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; background-color: #f5f5f5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="header-pattern-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 10px 20px">
<table id="header-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~kmoore?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_d85270d3fb7db00ff5572666ba67d7fd" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
<td id="header-text-container" valign="middle" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: middle; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">Kinsey Moore <strong>edited</strong> a page</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<!-- End Header pattern -->
<tr>
<td id="email-content-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 20px">
<table id="email-content-table" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: separate">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-rounded-top mobile-expand" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; color: #fff; padding: 0 15px 0 16px; height: 15px; background-color: #fff; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 0; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-main mobile-expand" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; padding: 0 15px 15px 16px; background-color: #fff">
<table class="notification-comment-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 2px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="notification-comment-pattern-container mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px"><strong>Change comment:</strong> lots of readability tweaks</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-main mobile-expand padding-top border-top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; padding: 0 15px 15px 16px; background-color: #fff; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 15px">
<table id="page-title-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; vertical-align: top">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Bridges?src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding-right: 5px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" id="page-title-pattern-header-container"><span id="page-title-pattern-header" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; padding: 0; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; mso-text-raise: 2px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Bridges?src=email" title="Bridges" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Bridges</a></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-main mobile-expand" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; padding: 0 15px 15px 16px; background-color: #fff">
<table class="content-excerpt-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="content-excerpt-pattern-container mobile-resize-text " style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 0 24px"> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">...</p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-block-target" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/section.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Section</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table class="diff-macro" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/column.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Column</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <h1 id="Bridges-Overview" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Overview</h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">In Asterisk, a bridge is the construct that shares media among <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Channels</a>. While a channel represents the path of communication between Asterisk and some device, a bridge is how that path of communication is shared<span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;"> </span><span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">among one or more channels</span>. While channels are in a bridge, their media is exchanged in a manner dictated by the bridge's type. <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Note that while </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">While </span>we generally think of media being directed <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">between or </span>among channels, media can also be directed from Asterisk <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">into </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">to </span>the channels in a bridge. This can be the case in some conferences, where Music on Hold (MoH) <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-4" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">is </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">or announcements are </span>played for waiting channels.</p> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="diff-macro" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/column.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Column</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table class="diff-macro" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/panel.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Panel</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-properties" style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;padding: 0; border: 1px solid #dddddd;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">title</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">On this Page</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"></p>
<table class="diff-macro bodyless" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;margin: 5px 0; padding: 0; width: auto;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/toc.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Table of Contents</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-properties" style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;padding: 0; border: 1px solid #dddddd;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">printable</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">maxLevel</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"></p> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Generally, a bridge is created <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-5" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">by </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">when </span>Asterisk <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-6" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">when it </span>knows that two or more channels want to communicate. A variety of applications and API calls can cause a bridge to be created. Some of these include:</p>
<ul class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Dial</a> - a bridge is created for the two channels when the outbound channel answers. Both the inbound channel and the outbound channel are placed into the bridge.
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li class="confluence-link">DTMF feature invocations available from Dial() can create, modify, or destroy bridges.</li>
</ul> </li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Bridge</a> - this directly creates a new bridge and places two channels into the bridge. Unlike Dial, both channels have to already exist.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">BridgeWait</a> (Asterisk 12+) - creates a special holding bridge and places a channel into it. Any number of channels may join the holding bridge, which can entertain them in a variety of ways.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">MeetMe</a>/<a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ConfBridge</a> - both of these applications are used for conferencing, and can support multiple channels together in the same bridge.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Page</a> - a conferencing bridge (similar to MeetMe/ConfBridge) is used to direct the audio from the announcer to the many dialed channels.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Parking</a> (Asterisk 12+) - a special holding bridge is used for Parking, which entertains the waiting channel with hold music.<span class="confluence-link"> </span> </li>
<li>External interfaces such as <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">AMI</a> and <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ARI</a> (Asterisk 12+) can <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-4" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">create and </span>manipulate bridges.</li>
</ul> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> </p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-block-context" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/tip.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Tip</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-properties" style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;padding: 0; border: 1px solid #dddddd;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">title</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">Asterisk 12+: Bridging Changed</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">In Asterisk 12, the bridging framework that <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ConfBridge</a> was built on top of was extended to all bridges that Asterisk creates (with the exception of MeetMe). There are some new capabilities that this afforded Asterisk users; where applicable, this page will call out features that only apply to Asterisk 12 and later versions.</p> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Channels typically leave a bridge when the application that created the bridge is terminated (such as a conference leader ending a ConfBridge conference) or when the other side hangs up (such as in a two-party bridge created by Dial). When channels leave a bridge they <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-7" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">either </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-5" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">can </span>continue doing what they were doing prior to entering the bridge, <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-8" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">they </span>continue executing dialplan, or <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-9" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">they are </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-6" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">be </span>hung up.</p> <h1 id="Bridges-Types" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Types</h1> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">There are many types of bridges in Asterisk, each of which determine how the media is mixed between the participants of the bridge. In general, there are three categories of bridge types within Asterisk: two party, multiparty, and holding.</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">A native bridge occurs when both participants in a two-party bridge have similar channel technologies. When this occurs, Asterisk defers the transfer of media to the channel drivers/protocol stacks themselves, and simply monitors for the channels leaving the bridge (either due to hangup, time-out, or some other condition). <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-10" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">With the </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-7" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Since </span>media <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-11" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">being </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-8" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">is </span>handled in the channel drivers/protocol stacks, no transcoding, media manipulation, recording, DTMF, or other features depending on media interpretation can be done by Asterisk. <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-12" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">On the other hand, native bridges are more performant!</span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-9" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The primary advantage to native bridging is higher performance.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">The following channel technologies support native bridging:</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p>
<table class="diff-macro diff-block-target" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/section.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Section</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table class="diff-macro" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/column.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Column</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <h2 id="Bridges-Multiparty" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Multiparty</h2> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Multiparty bridges interact with one or more channels and may route media among them. This can be thought of as an extension to two-party core bridging where media from multiple channels is merged or selected to be forwarded to the channels participating in the bridge. These bridges can have some, all, or none of the extended features of two-party core bridges depending on their intended use.</p> <h3 id="Bridges-Mixing" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0">Mixing</h3> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">There are several ways to access mixing multiparty bridges:</p>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">MeetMe</a> - This is less flexible, but more performant for <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-13" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">8KHz </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-10" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">narrow band </span>audio than Confbridge-style mixing and relies on DAHDI to mix audio.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ConfBridge</a> (Asterisk 11+) - This is the initial implementation of the bridging framework that is used in Asterisk 12+ and supports wide band mixing.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ARI</a> (Asterisk 12+) - This API can be used to create multiparty bridges and manipulate them.</li>
<li> <span class="confluence-link"><span class="confluence-link">DTMF Features</span></span> (Asterisk 12+) - Some DTMF features like 3-way attended transfers can create multiparty bridges as necessary.</li>
</ul> <h3 id="Bridges-Holding(Asterisk12+)" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0">Holding (Asterisk 12+)</h3> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Holding bridges are only available in Asterisk 12+ and provide a waiting area for channels which you may not yet be prepared to process or connect to other channels. This type of bridge prevents participants from exchanging media, can provide entertainment for all participants, and provides the ability for <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-14" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">a live </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-11" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">an </span>announcer to interrupt entertainment with special messages as necessary. Entertainment for waiting channels can be MoH, silence, ringing, hold, etc.. Holding bridges can be accessed via <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">BridgeWait</a> or <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ARI</a>.</p> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="diff-macro" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/column.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Column</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"></p>
<table class="diff-macro bodyless" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;margin: 5px 0; padding: 0; width: auto;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro-icon?name=gliffy" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Gliffy Diagram</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="diff-macro-properties" style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;padding: 0; border: 1px solid #dddddd;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"></td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">name</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">multi-party</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">size</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">300</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"></p> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-main mobile-expand action-padding last-row-padding" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; padding: 0 15px 15px 16px; background-color: #fff; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px">
<table id="actions-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="actions-pattern-container" valign="middle" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 15px 0 0 24px; vertical-align: middle">
<table align="left" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-icon-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 0px; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Bridges?src=email" title="View page" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img class="actions-pattern-action-icon-image" src="cid:confluence.mail.templates.view.page" alt="View page-icon" title="View page-icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle" /></a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-text-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; padding-left: 5px; white-space: nowrap"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Bridges?src=email" title="View page" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">View page</a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-bull" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; color: #999; padding: 0 5px">•</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table align="left" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-icon-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 0px; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Bridges?showComments=true&showCommentArea=true#addcomment" title="Add comment" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img class="actions-pattern-action-icon-image" src="cid:confluence.mail.templates.add.comment" alt="Add comment-icon" title="Add comment-icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle" /></a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-text-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; padding-left: 5px; white-space: nowrap"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Bridges?showComments=true&showCommentArea=true#addcomment" title="Add comment" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Add comment</a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-bull" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; color: #999; padding: 0 5px">•</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-icon-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 0px; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/plugins/likes/like.action?contentId=4817441&src=email" title="Like" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img class="actions-pattern-action-icon-image" src="cid:likes.like" alt="Like-icon" title="Like-icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle" /></a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-text-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; padding-left: 5px; white-space: nowrap"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/plugins/likes/like.action?contentId=4817441&src=email" title="Like" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Like</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-rounded-bottom mobile-expand" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; color: #fff; height: 5px; line-height: 5px; padding: 0 15px 0 16px; background-color: #fff; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-top: 0; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="footer-pattern" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 12px 20px">
<table id="footer-pattern-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="footer-pattern-links-container" width="100%" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; color: #999; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 2px">
<table align="left" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 2px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="footer-pattern-links mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/users/removespacenotification.action?spaceKey=AST&src=email" title="" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Stop watching space</a></td>
<td class="footer-pattern-links-bull" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 5px; color: #999">•</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 2px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="footer-pattern-links mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/users/editmyemailsettings.action?src=email" title="" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Manage notifications</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="footer-pattern-text" class="mobile-resize-text" width="100%" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; color: #999; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 2px; display: none">This message was sent by Atlassian Confluence 5.4.3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table id="sealed-section" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; display: none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>