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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~mjordan?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_ce51dcf276530e4a4b00548e2a6d0905" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<h1 id="ARIandBridges:BasicMixingBridges-MixingBridges" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Mixing Bridges</span> </h1>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">In a mixing bridge, Asterisk shares media between all the channels in the bridge. Depending on the attributes the bridge was created with and the types of channels in the bridge, a mixing bridge may attempt to share the media in a variety of ways. They are, in order of best performance to lowest performance:</span> </p>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Direct packet sharing between devices - when there are two channels in a mixing bridge of similar types, it may be possible to have the media bypass Asterisk completely. In this type of bridge, the channels will pass media directly between each other, and Asterisk will simply monitor the state of the channels. However, because the media is not going through Asterisk, most features - such as recording, speech detection, DTMF, etc. - are not available. The </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">proxy_media</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> attribute or the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">dtmf_events</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> attribute will prevent this mixing type from being used.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Native packet sharing through Asterisk - when there are two channels in a mixing bridge of similar types, but the media cannot flow directly between the devices, Asterisk will attempt to mix the media between the channels by directly passing media from one channel to the other, and vice versa. The media itself is not decoded, and so - much like when the media is directly shared between the devices - Asterisk cannot use many features. The </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">proxy_media</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> attribute or the </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">dtmf_events</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> attribute will prevent this mixing type from being used.</span> </li>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">On This Page</span></td>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/toc.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Table of Contents</span></th>
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<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Two party mixing - when there are two channels in a mixing bridge, regardless of the channel type, Asterisk will decode the media from each channel and pass it to the other participant. This mixing technology allows for all the various features of Asterisk to be used on the channels while they are in the bridge, but does not necessarily incur any penalties from transcoding.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Multi-party mixing - when there are more than two channels in a mixing bridge, Asterisk will transcode the media from each participant into signed linear, mix the media from all participants together into a new media frame, then write the media back out to all participants.</span> </li>
</ul>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">At all times, the bridge will attempt to mix the media in the most performant manner possible. As the situation in the bridge changes, Asterisk will switch the mixing technology to the best mixing technology available.</span> </p>
<h2 id="ARIandBridges:BasicMixingBridges-Example:WhatCanHappeninaMixingBridge" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Example: What Can Happen in a Mixing Bridge</span> </h2>
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<th class="confluenceTh" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;background-color: #F0F0F0; font-weight: bold;; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; background-color: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bold"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Action</span></th>
<th class="confluenceTh" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;background-color: #F0F0F0; font-weight: bold;; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; background-color: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bold"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Bridge Response</span></th>
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<td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">A bridge is created using </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">POST /bridges</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">, and Alice's channel - which supports having media be directly sent to another device - is added to the bridge using </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">POST /bridges/{bridge_id}/addChannel</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">.</span></td>
<td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Asterisk picks the basic two-party mixing technology. We don't know yet what other channel is going to join the bridge - it could be anything! - and so Asterisk picks the best one based on the information it currently has.</span></td>
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<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Bob's channel - which also supports having media be directly sent to another device - also joins the bridge via </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">POST /bridges/{bridge_id}/addChannel</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">.</span></td>
<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">We have two channels in the bridge now, so Asterisk re-evaluates how the media is mixed. Since both channels support having their media be sent directly to each other, and mixing media that way is more performant than the current mixing technology, Asterisk picks the direct media mixing technology and instructs the channels to tell their devices to send the media to each other.</span> </p> </td>
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<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Carol's channel - which is a DAHDI channel (poor Carol, calling from the PSTN) - is also added to the bridge via </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">POST /bridges/{bridge_id}/addChannel</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">.</span></td>
<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Since we now have three channels in the bridge, Asterisk switches the mixing technology to multi-mix. Alice and Bob's media is sent back to Asterisk, and Asterisk mixes the media from Alice, Bob, and Carol together and then sends the new media to each channel.</span></td>
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<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Eventually, Alice hangs up, leaving only Bob and Carol in the bridge.</span></td>
<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Since Alice left, Asterisk switches back to the basic two-party mixing technology. We can't use a native mixing technology, as Bob and Carol's channels are incompatible, but we can use a mixing technology that is less expensive than the multi-mix technology.</span></td>
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<h1 id="ARIandBridges:BasicMixingBridges-Example:Implementingabasicdial" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Example: Implementing a basic dial</span> </h1>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Dialing can be implemented by using the </span><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Asterisk+12+Channels+REST+API#Asterisk12ChannelsRESTAPI-originate" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">POST - /channels</span></code></a><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> operation and putting both the resulting channel and the original Stasis channel in a mixing bridge to allow media to flow between them. An endpoint should be specified along with the originate operation as well as a Stasis application name. This will cause the dialed channel to enter Stasis, where it can be added to a mixing bridge. It's also a good idea to use Stasis application arguments to flag that the dialed channel was dialed using originate in order to handle it differently from the original channel once it enters into the Stasis application.</span> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">This example ARI application will do the following:</span> </p>
<ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">When a channel enters into the Stasis application, a call will be originated to the endpoint specified by the first command line argument to the script.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">When that channel enters into the Stasis application, a mixing bridge will be created and the two channels will be put in it so that media can flow between them.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If either channel hangs up, the other channel will also be hung up.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Once the dialed channel exists the Stasis application, the mixing bridge will be destroyed.</span> </li>
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