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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~kmoore?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_d85270d3fb7db00ff5572666ba67d7fd" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<td class="notification-comment-pattern-container mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px"><strong>Change comment:</strong> Flesh out holding bridge information</td>
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<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Bridges?src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
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<td class="content-excerpt-pattern-container mobile-resize-text " style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 0 24px"> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">...</p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/section.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Section</th>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/column.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Column</th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <h1 id="Bridges-Overview" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Overview</h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">In Asterisk, a bridge is the construct that shares media among <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Channels</a>. While a channel represents the path of communication between Asterisk and some device, a bridge is how that path of communication is shared among one or more channels. Note that while we generally think of media being directed between two channels, media can also be directed from Asterisk into the channels in a bridge. This can be the case in some conferences, where Music on Hold <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">(MoH) </span>is played for waiting channels. While channels are in a bridge, their media is exchanged in a manner dictated by the bridge's <strong>mixing type</strong>.</p> <h2 id="Bridges-Whenarebridgescreated?" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">When are bridges created?</h2> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Generally, a bridge is created by Asterisk when it knows that two or more channels want to communicate. A variety of applications and API calls can cause a bridge to be created. Some of these include:</p>
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<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Dial</a> - a bridge is created for the two channels when the outbound channel answers. Both the inbound channel and the outbound channel are placed into the bridge.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Bridge</a> - this directly creates a new bridge and places two channels into the bridge. Unlike Dial, both channels have to already exist.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">BridgeWait</a> (Asterisk 12+) - creates a special holding bridge and places a channel into it. Any number of channels may join the holding bridge, which can entertain them in a variety of ways.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">MeetMe</a>/<a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ConfBridge</a> - both of these applications are used for conferencing, and can support multiple channels together in the same bridge.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Page</a> - a conferencing bridge (similar to MeetMe/ConfBridge) is used to direct the audio from the announcer to the many dialled channels.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Parking</a> (Asterisk 12+) - a special holding bridge is used for Parking, which entertains the waiting channel with hold music.</li>
<li> <span class="confluence-link"><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">DTMF Features</a></span> - DTMF feature invocations can create, modify, or destroy bridges</li>
<li>External interfaces such as <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">AMI</a> and <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ARI</a> (Asterisk 12+)</li>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">Asterisk 12+: Bridging Changed</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">In Asterisk 12, the bridging framework that <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ConfBridge</a> was built on top of was extended to all bridges that Asterisk creates (with the exception of MeetMe). There are some new capabilities that this afforded Asterisk users; where applicable, this page will call out features that only apply to Asterisk 12 and later versions.</p> </td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"></p>
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</table> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <h2 id="Bridges-Multi-Party" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Multi-Party</h2> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Multi-party bridges <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">contain </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">interact with </span>one or more channels and <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">may </span>route media among them.</p> <h3 id="Bridges-Mixing" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0">Mixing</h3> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p>
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<li>MeetMe - This type of mixing is more performant than Confbridge-style mixing</li>
<li>Confbridge (Asterisk 11+) - This is the initial usage of the bridging framework that exists in Asterisk 12+</li>
<li>ARI (Asterisk 12+) - This API can be used to create multi-party bridges and manipulate them</li>
<li>DTMF Features (Asterisk 12+) - Some DTMF features like 3-way attended transfers can create multi-party bridges as necessary</li>
</ul> <h3 id="Bridges-Holding(Asterisk12+)" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0">Holding (Asterisk 12+)</h3> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Holding bridges are only available in Asterisk 12+ and provide a waiting area for channels which you may not yet be prepared to process or connect to other channels. This type of bridge prevents participants from exchanging media, can provide MoH or silence for all participants, and provides the ability for a live announcer to interrupt MoH with special messages as necessary.</span> </p> </td>
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