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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~kmoore?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_d85270d3fb7db00ff5572666ba67d7fd" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<td class="notification-comment-pattern-container mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px"><strong>Change comment:</strong> flesh things out a little, break up the overview, and fix sentences</td>
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<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Bridges?src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
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<td class="content-excerpt-pattern-container mobile-resize-text " style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 0 24px"> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">...</p>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <h1 id="Bridges-Overview" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Overview</h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">In Asterisk, a bridge is the construct that shares media <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">between </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">among </span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Channels</a>. While a channel represents the path of communication between Asterisk and some device, a bridge is how that path of communication is shared among one or more channels. Note that while we generally think of media being directed between two channels, media can also be directed from Asterisk into the channels in a bridge <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">or distributed among multiple channels</span>. This can be the case in some conferences, where Music on Hold is played for waiting channels.</p> <h2 id="Bridges-Whenarebridgescreated?" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">When are bridges created?</span> </h2> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Generally, <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">however, </span>a bridge is created by Asterisk when it knows that two or more channels want to communicate. A variety of applications and API calls can cause a bridge to be created. Some of these include:</p>
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<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Dial</a> - a bridge is created for the two channels when the outbound channel answers. Both the inbound channel and the outbound channel are placed into the bridge.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Bridge</a> - this directly creates a new bridge and places two channels into the bridge. Unlike Dial, both channels have to already exist.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">BridgeWait</a> (Asterisk 12+) - creates a special holding bridge and places a channel into it. Any number of channels may join the holding bridge, which can entertain them in a variety of ways.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">MeetMe</a>/<a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ConfBridge</a> - both of these applications are used for conferencing, and can support multiple channels together in the same bridge.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Page</a> - a conferencing bridge (similar to MeetMe/ConfBridge) is used to direct the audio from the announcer to the many dialled channels.</li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Parking</a> (Asterisk 12+) - a special holding bridge is used for Parking, which entertains the waiting channel with hold music.</li>
<li> <span class="confluence-link"><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">DTMF Features</a></span> - DTMF feature invocations can create, modify, or destroy bridges</li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">External interfaces such as </span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">AMI</span></a><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> and </span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">ARI</span></a><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> (Asterisk 12+)</span> </li>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">Asterisk 12+: Bridging Changed</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">In Asterisk 12, the bridging framework that <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ConfBridge</a> was built on top of was extended to all bridges that Asterisk creates (with the exception of MeetMe). There are some new capabilities that this afforded Asterisk users; where applicable, this page will call out features that only apply to Asterisk 12 and later versions.</p> </td>
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</table> <h2 id="Bridges-Howdochannelsinteractwithbridges?" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-4" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">How do channels interact with bridges?</span> </h2> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">While channels are in a bridge, their media is exchanged in a manner dictated by the bridge's <strong>mixing type</strong>. When channels leave a bridge they either continue doing what they were doing prior to entering the bridge, they continue executing dialplan, or they are hung up. Channels typically leave a bridge when the application that created the bridge is terminated (such as a conference leader ending a ConfBridge conference) or when the other side hangs up (such as in a two-party bridge created by Dial).</p> </td>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">On this Page</td>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">2</span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-5" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">3</span></td>
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</table> <h1 id="Bridges-BridgeTypes" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Bridge Types</h1> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">There are many types of bridges in Asterisk, each of which determine how the media is mixed between the participants of the bridge. <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">The following</span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-6" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Two party, multi-party, and holding bridge types are available within Asterisk.</span> </p>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">Asterisk 12+: Bridges are Smart</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> In Asterisk 12, the bridging framework is smart! It will automatically choose the best mixing technology available based on the channels in the bridge and - if needed - it will dynamically change the mixing type of the bridge based on conditions that occur. For example, a two-party core bridge may turn into a multi-party bridge if an attended transfer converges into a three-way bridge via the <code style="font-family: monospace">atxferthreeway</code> DTMF option.</p> </td>
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</table> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">A core bridge is the basic two-party bridge in Asterisk. Any channel, of any type, can communicate with any channel of any other type. Media can be transcoded between various formats, and Asterisk's <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-4" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">feature</span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-7" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">features can be triggered and executed via DTMF.</span> </p> <h2 id="Bridges-Multi-Party" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Multi-Party</h2> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Multi-party bridges contain one or more channels and route media among them.</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> </td>
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