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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~mjordan?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_ce51dcf276530e4a4b00548e2a6d0905" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=29395573&src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <h1 id="AsteriskRESTInterface(ARI)-TheEvolutionofAsteriskAPIs" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">The Evolution of Asterisk APIs</h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">When Asterisk was first created back in 1999, its design was focussed on being a stand-alone Private Branch eXchange (PBX) that you could configure via static <code style="font-family: monospace">.conf</code> files. Control of the calls that passed through it was done through a special <code style="font-family: monospace">.conf</code> file, <code style="font-family: monospace">extensions.conf</code>, known as the "dialplan". The dialplan script told Asterisk which applications to execute on the call, and made logical decisions based on what the users did through their phones. This model worked well for a long time - it was certainly more flexible than what existed at the time, and the plethora of dialplan applications provided a large suite of functionality.</p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">These dialplan applications, however, were - and still are - written in C. Because the applications act directly on the raw primitives in Asterisk, they are incredibly powerful. They have access to the channels, media, bridges, endpoints, and all other objects that Asterisk uses to make phones communicate. However, while powerful, there are times when a business use case is not met by the existing suite of applications. In the past, if the functionality you needed wasn't met by the dialplan application, you really only had one solution: write a patch in C - possibly adding a parameter to the application to tweak the behaviour - and submit it to the project. If you could not write the feature in C, you were, unfortunately, stuck.</p> </td>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">40%</span></td>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">On This Page</span></td>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/toc.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Table of Contents</span></th>
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</table> <h2 id="AsteriskRESTInterface(ARI)-EnterAMIandAGI" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-0" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Enter AMI and AGI</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Not long into the project, two application programming interfaces (APIs) were added to Asterisk: the Asterisk Gateway Interface (AGI) and the Asterisk Manager Interface (AMI). These interfaces have distinct purposes:</span> </p>
<ol class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">AGI is analogous to CGI in Apache. AGI provides an interface between the Asterisk dialplan and an external program that wants to manipulate a channel in the dialplan. In general, the interface is synchronous - actions taken on a channel from an AGI block and do not return until the action is completed.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">AMI provides a mechanism to control where channels execute in the dialplan. Unlike AGI, AMI is an asynchronous, event driven interface. For the most part, AMI does not provide mechanisms to control channel execution - rather, it provides information about the state of the channels and controls about where the channels are executing.</span> </li>
</ol> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Both of these interfaces are powerful and opened up a wide range of integration possibilities. Using AGI, remote dialplan execution could be enabled, which allowed developers to integrate Asterisk with PHP, Python, Java, and other applications. Using AMI, the state of Asterisk could be displayed, calls initiated, and the location of channels controlled. Using both APIs together, complex applications using Asterisk as the engine </span><em><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">could</span></em><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> be developed.</span> </p>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">width</span></td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">40%</span></td>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/toc.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Table of Contents</span></th>
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</table> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">However, there are some drawbacks to using AMI and AGI to create custom communication applications:</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Stasis</a> is a dialplan application in Asterisk. It is the mechanism that Asterisk uses to hand control of a channel over from the dialplan - which is the traditional way in which channels are controlled - to ARI and the client. Generally, ARI applications manipulate channels in the Stasis dialplan application, as well as other resources in Asterisk. Channels not in a Stasis dialplan application generally cannot be manipulated by ARI - the purpose of ARI, after all, is to build your own dialplan application, not manipulate an existing one.</p> <h1 id="AsteriskRESTInterface(ARI)-DivingDeeper" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Diving Deeper</span> </h1> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">This space has a number of pages that explore different resources available to you in ARI and examples of what you can build with them. Generally, the examples assume the following:</span> </p>
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<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">That you have some phone registered to Asterisk, typically using </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">chan_pjsip</span></code><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> or </span><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">chan_sip</span></code> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">That you have some basic knowledge of configuring Asterisk</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">A basic knowledge of Python, JavaScript, or some other higher level programming language (or a willingness to learn!)</span> </li>
</ul> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Most of the examples will not directly construct the HTTP REST calls, as a number of very useful libraries have been written to encapsulate those mechanics. These libraries are listed below.</span> </p> <h2 id="AsteriskRESTInterface(ARI)-ARILibraries" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">ARI Libraries</span> </h2>
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<th class="confluenceTh" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;background-color: #F0F0F0; font-weight: bold;; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; background-color: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bold"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Language</span></th>
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<td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">ari-py</span></code></td>
<td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Python</span></td>
<td class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><a href="https://github.com/asterisk/ari-py" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">https://github.com/asterisk/ari-py</span></a></td>
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<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">AsterNET.ARI</span></code></td>
<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">C# / .NET</span></td>
<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><a href="https://asternetari.codeplex.com/" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">https://asternetari.codeplex.com/</span></a></td>
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<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">ari4java</span></code></td>
<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Java</span></td>
<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><a href="https://github.com/l3nz/ari4java" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">https://github.com/l3nz/ari4java</span></a></td>
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<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><code style="font-family: monospace"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">node-ari-client</span></code></td>
<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">JavaScript (node)</span></td>
<td colspan="1" class="confluenceTd" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; padding: 5px 7px; min-width: 0.6em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 7px 10px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><a href="https://github.com/asterisk/node-ari-client" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">https://github.com/asterisk/node-ari-client</span></a></td>
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