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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~mmichelson?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_99ed0aa29d6f204db4785296f8170422" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">This page is currently incomplete. Please refrain from commenting until this warning is removed.</p> </td>
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</table> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> </p> <h1 id="ResourceListSubscriptions-Overview" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Overview</h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">In a PBX environment, it is common for SIP devices to subscribe to many resources, especially presence resources. For instance, consider a small office where an Asterisk server acts as a PBX for 20 people, each with a SIP desk phone. Each of those 20 phones subscribes to the state of the others in the office. In this case, each of the phones would issue 19 subscriptions (since the phone does not subscribe to its own state), meaning a total of 20 * 19 = 380 subscriptions. For an office with 30 people, the total number of subscriptions becomes 30 * 29 = 870 subscriptions. For an office with 40 people, the total number of subscriptions becomes 40 * 39 = 1560, about four times the number of subscriptions for the 20-person office, despite only having twice the number of people. The number of subscriptions follows a geometric progression, leading to a situation commonly called an <em>N-squared</em> problem. In other words, the number of devices (N) is proportional to its square in the amount of activity generated and resources required. The N-squared problem with subscriptions can be a limiting factor for PBX deployers for several reasons:</p>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li>In a situation where all phones boot up simultaneously, each of the phones will be sending out their SIP SUBSCRIBEs nearly simultaneously, placing a burden on the Asterisk server's CPU.</li>
<li>In the SIP stack, N-squared long-term SIP dialogs have to be maintained, tying up more resources.</li>
</ul> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">These limitations can result in drastically limiting the number of devices in use on an Asterisk system. Even if the hardware is capable of handling the median traffic of 200 users, it may be required to limit the number of users to 50 or less because of the N-squared subscriptions problem.</p> </td>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">2</span></td>
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</table> <h2 id="ResourceListSubscriptions-ResourceListSubscriptions" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-0" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Resource List Subscriptions</span> </h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">A proposed solution to this problem is to implement </span><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4662.txt" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">RFC 4662 Resource List Subscriptions</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> (abbreviated RLS from here on). This RFC describes a method for SIP servers to map a single requested resource to a list of resources. In the example 20-person office from before, a list could be configured that contained all 20 users' phones. Each phone could then establish a single subscription to that list rather than having to establish 20 different subscriptions. In addition, notifications can list multiple resources in a single message, allowing for Asterisk to send fewer notifications.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">In addition to resolving the N-squared problem, configurable lists also allows for more intuitive creation of useful sub-lists of users. In an office, you could have a "Sales" list, an "Engineering" list, a "Tech Support" list, etc. Lists are not restricted to being of individual devices; lists can also have lists as items within them. This makes it possible to have an "All" list, composed of the Sales, Engineering, and Tech Support lists, for instance.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">RLS is not restricted to presence. RLS can be used for other SIP event packages, like MWI. In Asterisk, currently if subscribing to the state of multiple mailboxes, you have two options:</span> </p>
<ol class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Create multiple subscriptions, a la presence.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Create a single subscription that aggregates the total number of old and new messages together.</span> </li>
</ol> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">While the second option allows for a reduction in subscriptions, it makes it difficult to discern from the SIP traffic which of the subscribed mailboxes contains messages. With RLS, a user could subscribe to their personal mailbox plus, say, a tech support queue mailbox. When the user is notified of the state of mailboxes, the notifications will list the individual mailboxes in separate parts, clearly indicating which mailbox has messages.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Adding support for RLS is a multi-part process.</span> </p>
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</table> <h1 id="ResourceListSubscriptions-Task1:AbstractionofSIPSubscriptions" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Task 1: Abstraction of SIP Subscriptions</h1> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">With the abstraction being completed in Task 1, subscription handlers should now be calling a single method in the pubsub API in order to send a notification. This task involves modifying that method to work properly for RLS.</p> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">When the <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">pubub </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">pubsub </span>API is asked to send a notification, it needs to determine if the subscription is virtual or real. If real, then the notification is sent.</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <h2 id="ResourceListSubscriptions-Implementbatchednotifications" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Implement batched notifications</h2> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;"> </span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">This alters notification behavior by accumulating data and sending the data out in a batch rather than sending individual state changes in real time. Notification batching behavior is based on configuration for a list.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">If batching is enabled, then a notification is to be sent on a real list subscription, the notification is not actually sent. Instead, the data to be sent is kept in memory and a timer is started. Any additional changes to resources in the list can be added to the batch if they occur before the timer expires. When the timer expires, the stored resource state is sent in a single NOTIFY.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Note that list subscriptions that are virtual do not implement any batching behavior. This is because it is unnecessary to do so since batching should occur on a parent real subscription. If a virtual list subscription has batching enabled, the setting is ignored.</span> </p> <h1 id="ResourceListSubscriptions-Task3:Multi-ServerSupport" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Task 3: Multi-Server Support</h1> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">With Task 2 accomplished, Asterisk will have RLS support on a single server. RLS support would <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">better, though, </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">be richer </span>if Asterisk had the ability to subscribe to, receive notifications from, publish to, and receive publications from other SIP servers. With these facilities in place, Asterisk could set up mixed lists of local and remote resources.</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> </td>
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