<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0" />
<base href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki" />
<title>Message Title</title>
<style type="text/css">@media only screen and (max-device-width: 480px) {.mobile-only {
width: auto !important;
height: auto !important;
overflow: visible !important;
line-height: normal !important;
font-size: inherit !important;
mso-hide: all;
}
.desktop-only {
display: none !important;
}
/* iPhone 3GS fix for unwanted 20px right margin */
body { min-width: 100% !important; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
#center-content-table { max-width: none; !important; }
#header-pattern-container { padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px !important; line-height: 20px !important; }
#header-avatar-image-container { padding-right: 8px !important; }
#email-content-container { padding: 0 !important; }
.mobile-expand { border-radius: 0 !important; border-left: 0 !important; border-right: 0 !important; padding-left: 26px !important;}
.mobile-resize-text { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; }
#page-title-pattern-header { font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 28px !important; }
#page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell { padding-top: 7px !important; }
#inline-user-pattern { display: block !important; }
#inline-user-pattern-avatar { padding-top: 3px !important; }
.contextual-area-pattern { border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc !important; padding: 15px 10px 0 10px !important;}
.users-involved-pattern-column-table { width: 100% !important; }
.users-involved-pattern-avatar-table-cell { padding: 3px 5px 5px 0 !important; }
.users-involved-pattern-column-container { padding-right: 0 !important; }
.contextual-excerpt-pattern, #users-involved-pattern { border: 0 !important; }
/** Aui Typography upsized for mobile **/
#content-excerpt-pattern-container, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h1, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h1 { font-size: 24px !important; line-height: 28px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h2, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h2 { font-size: 20px !important; line-height: 28px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h3, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h3 { font-size: 18px !important; line-height: 24px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h4, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h4 { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 22px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h5, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h5 { font-size: 14px !important; line-height: 20px !important; }
#content-excerpt-pattern-container h6, #contextual-excerpt-pattern-text-container h6 { font-size: 14px !important; line-height: 20px !important; }
.user-mention { line-height: 18px !important; }
/** Aui Typography end **/
/* Show appropriate footer logo on mobile, display links vertically */
#footer-pattern { padding: 15px 10px !important; }
#footer-pattern-logo-desktop-container { padding: 0 !important; }
#footer-pattern-logo-desktop { width: 0 !important; height: 0 !important; }
#footer-pattern-logo-mobile {
padding-top: 10px !important;
width: 30px !important;
height: 27px !important;
display: inline !important;
}
#footer-pattern-text {
display: block !important;
}
#footer-pattern-links-container { line-height: 0 !important;}
.footer-pattern-links.mobile-resize-text,
.footer-pattern-links.mobile-resize-text,
#footer-pattern-text.mobile-resize-text,
#footer-pattern-links-container.no-footer-links {
font-size: 14px !important;
line-height: 20px !important;
}
.footer-link { display: block !important; }
#footer-pattern-links-container table { display: inline-block !important; float: none !important; }
#footer-pattern-links-container, #footer-pattern-text { text-align: center !important; }
#footer-pattern-links { padding-bottom: 5px !important; }
/** Team Calendar overrides, these should be removed when notifications are updated in Team Calendars. For now CSS
overrides are being used because the structure of the content can't change without rereleasing the plugin */
.mail-calendar-container .day-header + table tr td:first-child {
vertical-align: top !important;
padding-top: 5px !important;
}}
@media (min-width: 900px) {#center-content-table { width: 900px; }}
@media all {#outlook a {padding:0;} /* Force Outlook to provide a "view in browser" menu link. */
/* Prevent Webkit and Windows Mobile platforms from changing default font sizes.*/
body{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%; -ms-text-size-adjust:100%;}
.ExternalClass {width:100%;} /* Force Hotmail to display emails at full width */
#background-table {margin:0; padding:0; width:100% !important; }
/* Needed to override highlighting on date and time links in iOS */
.grey a {color: #707070; text-decoration: none; }/* These styles are appended to the head element of a notification in order to prevent Apple Mail and similar
clients from underlining the due dates with a blue hyperlink */
/* a lozenge outside an inline task should always be #333, lozenges inside an inline task should be
colored according to their upcoming due dates, a completed task date lozenge or deleted task date
lozenge should always be #707070 */
.date-time-lozenge a {color: #333333; text-decoration: none; }
.inline-task-text-container .date-time-lozenge.date-upcoming a {color: #DF6F00; text-decoration: none; }
.inline-task-text-container .date-time-lozenge.date-past a {color: #D04437; text-decoration: none; }
.inline-task-text-container.content-deleted-color .date-time-lozenge a,
.inline-task-text-container.checked .date-time-lozenge a {
color: #707070; text-decoration: none;
}}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table id="background-table" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; background-color: #f5f5f5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="header-pattern-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 10px 20px">
<table id="header-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~kharwell?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_9667c26fcec6a3fec54d4a16d6fcadf3" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
<td id="header-text-container" valign="middle" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: middle; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">Kevin Harwell <strong>created</strong> a page</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<!-- End Header pattern -->
<tr>
<td id="email-content-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 20px">
<table id="email-content-table" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: separate">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-rounded-top mobile-expand" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; color: #fff; padding: 0 15px 0 16px; height: 15px; background-color: #fff; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 0; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-main mobile-expand" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; padding: 0 15px 15px 16px; background-color: #fff">
<table id="page-title-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; vertical-align: top">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Experience+Score?src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding-right: 5px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" id="page-title-pattern-header-container"><span id="page-title-pattern-header" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; padding: 0; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; mso-text-raise: 2px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Experience+Score?src=email" title="Media Experience Score" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Media Experience Score</a></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-main mobile-expand" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; padding: 0 15px 15px 16px; background-color: #fff">
<table class="content-excerpt-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="content-excerpt-pattern-container mobile-resize-text " style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 0 24px"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">When one thinks of measuring call quality a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_opinion_score" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Mean Opinion Score</a> (MOS) is usually the first thing that comes to mind. However, calculating a true MOS inherently involves, and relies upon human perception and judgement. Thus when it comes to determining the call quality in Asterisk only an approximation can be achieved since it can only depend upon relevant statistics. And for that reason we'll call it a "Media Experience Score" instead.</span> </p> <h1 id="MediaExperienceScore-RelevantStatistics" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Relevant Statistics</span> </h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">What are these relevant statistics? To start, and in order to keep things simple there are three obvious choices all computed by Asterisk:</span> </p>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Round Trip Time (RTT) - the amount of time between Asterisk sending to Asterisk receiving an RTCP report.</span> </li>
<li>Jitter - the relative transit time between Asterisk sending an RTCP report to an endpoint receiving it, or vice versa.</li>
<li>Packets Lost - the number of packets lost since sending the last RTCP report, or receiving the last RTCP report.</li>
</ul> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">As one may note, these statistics all relate to network conditions, and connectivity. They do not give any indication as to the state of the actual media within a packet. That level of inspection, and analysis is currently outside our current scope. However, media via RTP can be greatly affected by the network state. Things like packet loss, or a delay in delivery translate to degraded media quality for the end user. </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">In fact by combining the mentioned statistics into an appropriate calculation one can claim a confident opinion about the quality of an end user’s media experience.</span> </p> <h1 id="MediaExperienceScore-ForminganOpinion" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Forming an Opinion</span> </h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Luckily there has already been a lot of study, and analysis done on this topic, and some of it is even standardized (<a href="https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ITU-T</a>). While a large portion of that of course concerns calculating an actual MOS, it gives us a starting point. As well others have already taken such ideas and applied them to assessing the media experience based on gathered RTP statistics. Since there is no reason to reinvent the wheel here we’ll base our algorithm for calculating a user’s media experience on the aforementioned evaluations by ITU-T (<a href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.107" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">G.107</a>, <a href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.109" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">G.109</a>, <a href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.113" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">G.113</a>), and from other various internet sources.</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">We’ll be reducing a given transmission rating factor, or ‘R’ value for short, based on the gathered relevant statistical data. That final ‘R’ value will then be fed into a standardized formula for deriving an opinion score. An ‘R’ value has a final range of 0 (worst) to 100 (best). However for our purposes we’ll be using defaults, which gives us a starting ‘R’ value of 93.2 (see </span><a href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.107" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ITU-T G.107</a><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> for more details).</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Let’s start with latency. Depending on the situation the media itself may or may not be affected by late arriving packets, but the overall user experience may suffer. For example, If you’re on a VOIP call and audio is delayed by a second it makes it harder to have a conversation. As well if packets arrive out of order, and no jitter buffer is enabled that too will make for an unpleasant experience. To that end we can compute an “effective latency” (in milliseconds), and reduce the ‘R’ value accordingly:</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <br /> </span> </p>
<div class="code panel pdl" style="border-width: 1px;">
<div class="codeContent panelContent pdl">
<pre class="theme: Confluence; brush: text; gutter: false" style="font-size:12px;; margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Effective Latency = Average Round Trip Time + Average Jitter * 2 * (Jitter Standard Deviation / 3) + Codec Delay
If Effective Latency < 160: R = 93.2 - (Effective Latency / 40)
Else: R = 93.2 - (Effective Latency - 120) / 10</pre>
</div>
</div> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <br /> </span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Multiplying the jitter, and factoring in its standard deviation adds to its “weight” in the calculation as it seems the higher the standard deviation the worse the media experience. Codec Delay could be set for each codec type, otherwise a value of 10 is probably sufficient for our purposes. If the Effective Latency is less than 160ms be conservative in reducing the ‘R’ value. Otherwise, be a little more aggressive in the ‘R’ value reduction since latency over 160 causes noticeable “lag”.</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Next up is packet loss. If anything is going to have a known effect on media quality it’s packet loss. Again we can further reduce the ‘R’ value according to average number of packets lost since the last report:</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> </p>
<div class="code panel pdl" style="border-width: 1px;">
<div class="codeContent panelContent pdl">
<pre class="theme: Confluence; brush: text; gutter: false" style="font-size:12px;; margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">R = R - Packets Lost * 2.5</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="aui-message warning shadowed information-macro">
<span class="aui-icon icon-warning">Icon</span>
<div class="message-content">
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">With the exception of the starting ‘R’ value of 93.2 most all the other numbers and factors <strong>can</strong> be tweaked, if needed, based on further testing or other recommendations.</span> </p>
</div>
</div> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <br /> </span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">All that is needed to do now is convert the ‘R’ value into an “opinion score”. That can be done using a standardized formula (see <a href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.107" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ITU-T G.107</a> Annex B):</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <br /> </span> </p>
<div class="code panel pdl" style="border-width: 1px;">
<div class="codeContent panelContent pdl">
<pre class="theme: Confluence; brush: text; gutter: false" style="font-size:12px;; margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">If R < 0: Opinion = 1
Else if R > 100: Opinion = 4.5
Else: Opinion = 1 + (0.035 * R) + (R * (R - 60) * (100 - R) * 0.0000007);</pre>
</div>
</div> <h1 id="MediaExperienceScore-InAsterisk" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">In Asterisk</span> </h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">An RTP instance in Asterisk keeps a running average for the round trip time, the average jitter between an endpoint (sender) and Asterisk (receiver), the standard deviation for jitter, and packet loss. For data pertaining to the link from Asterisk (sender) to the endpoint (receiver) the instance also tracks the reported (from RTCP) jitter, its standard deviation, and the reported packet loss.</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Given that an RTP instance calculates and/or collects the required data for both incoming and outgoing packets means we should be able to arrive at a media experience score about each. That also means that for an actual call between Alice and Bob up to 4 scores can be derived. That is somewhat granular, so depending we may want to average those scores together to give a singular overall media experience score.</span> </p> <h1 id="MediaExperienceScore-FutureImprovements" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Future Improvements</span> </h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">We start with an ‘R’ value of 93.2 based on the default recommendations found in <a href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.107" class="external-link" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">ITU-T G.107</a> (Section 7.7) because we are restricted in our dataset(s). However, it’s possible that for some specific codecs along with a deep packet inspection of the actual media some ‘R’ value parameters could be adjusted. Of course the latter inspection could be quite intrusive and inefficient.</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">‘R’ value’s equipment impairment factor too could be further looked into. If Asterisk could determine the type of packet loss (burst vs intermittent) the final ‘R’ value could become more accurate. As well, one could factor in the codec in current use and its ability to handle packet loss. For instance, codec opus is probably better at handling packet loss than codec alaw.</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Lastly, the advantage factor ‘A’ could be increased based on knowledge of the endpoint. For instance, if the endpoint is known to be a mobile phone the parameter could be bumped to between 5 to 10.</span> </p>
<div>
<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> <br /> </span>
</div> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-main mobile-expand action-padding last-row-padding" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; padding: 0 15px 15px 16px; background-color: #fff; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px">
<table id="actions-pattern" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 1px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="actions-pattern-container" valign="middle" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 15px 0 0 24px; vertical-align: middle">
<table align="left" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-icon-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 0px; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Experience+Score?src=email" title="View page Icon" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img class="actions-pattern-action-icon-image" height="16" width="16" border="0" title="View page Icon" src="cid:com.atlassian.confluence.plugins.confluence-email-resources%3Aview-page-email-adg-footer-item%3Aicon" alt="View page Icon" style="vertical-align: middle" /></a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-text-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; padding-left: 5px; white-space: nowrap"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Experience+Score?src=email" title="View page" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">View page</a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-bull" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; color: #999; padding: 0 5px">•</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table align="left" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-icon-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 0px; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Experience+Score?showComments=true&showCommentArea=true&src=email#addcomment" title="Add comment Icon" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img class="actions-pattern-action-icon-image" height="16" width="16" border="0" title="Add comment Icon" src="cid:com.atlassian.confluence.plugins.confluence-email-resources%3Aadd-comment-to-content-email-adg-footer-item%3Aicon" alt="Add comment Icon" style="vertical-align: middle" /></a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-text-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; padding-left: 5px; white-space: nowrap"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Experience+Score?showComments=true&showCommentArea=true&src=email#addcomment" title="Add comment" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Add comment</a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-bull" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; color: #999; padding: 0 5px">•</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-icon-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 0px; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/plugins/likes/like.action?contentId=46760069&src=email" title="Like Icon" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img class="actions-pattern-action-icon-image" height="16" width="16" border="0" title="Like Icon" src="cid:com.atlassian.confluence.plugins.confluence-like%3Aview-email-adg-content-item%3Aicon" alt="Like Icon" style="vertical-align: middle" /></a></td>
<td class="actions-pattern-action-text-container" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 4px; padding-left: 5px; white-space: nowrap"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/plugins/likes/like.action?contentId=46760069&src=email" title="Like" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Like</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="email-content-rounded-bottom mobile-expand" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; color: #fff; height: 5px; line-height: 5px; padding: 0 15px 0 16px; background-color: #fff; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-top: 0; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="footer-pattern" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 12px 20px">
<table id="footer-pattern-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="footer-pattern-links-container" width="100%" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; color: #999; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 2px">
<table align="left" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 2px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="footer-pattern-links mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/users/removespacenotification.action?spaceKey=AST&src=email" title="" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Stop watching space</a></td>
<td class="footer-pattern-links-bull" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 5px; color: #999">•</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 2px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="footer-pattern-links mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/users/editmyemailsettings.action?src=email" title="" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Manage notifications</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="footer-pattern-text" class="mobile-resize-text" width="100%" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; color: #999; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-text-raise: 2px; display: none">This message was sent by Atlassian Confluence 5.6.6</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table id="sealed-section" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333; display: none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>