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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~mjordan?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_ce51dcf276530e4a4b00548e2a6d0905" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<h1 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-HoldingBridges" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Holding Bridges</h1>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Holding bridges are a special type of bridge in Asterisk. The purpose of a holding bridge is to provide a consistent way to place channels when you want the person on the other end of the channel to wait. Asterisk will mix the media to the channel depending on the type of <strong>role</strong> the channel has within the bridge. Two types of roles are supported:</p>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <code style="font-family: monospace">participant</code> - the default role for channels in a holding bridge. Media from the bridge is played directly to the channels; however, media from the channels is not played to any other participant.</li>
<li> <code style="font-family: monospace">announcer</code> - if a channel joins a holding bridge as an announcer, the bridge will not play media to the channel. However, all media from the channel will be played to all <code style="font-family: monospace">participant</code> channels in the bridge simultaneously.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-Addingachannelasaparticipant" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Adding a channel as a participant</h2>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">To add a channel as a participant to a holding bridge, you can either not specify a <code style="font-family: monospace">role</code> (as the <code style="font-family: monospace">participant</code> role is the default role for holding bridges), or you can specify the <code style="font-family: monospace">participant</code> role directly:</p>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">POST /bridges/{bridge_id}/addChannel?channel=12345
POST /bridges/{bridge_id}/addChannel?channel=12345&role=participant</pre> </td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"></p>
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<h2 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-Addingachannelasanannouncer" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Adding a channel as an announcer</h2>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">To add a channel as an announcer to a holding bridge, you must specify a role of <code style="font-family: monospace">announcer</code>:</p>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">POST /bridges/{bridge_id}/addChannel?channel=56789&role=announcer</pre> </td>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/tip.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Tip</th>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">When is an Announcer channel useful?</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">If you want to simply play back a media file to all participants in a holding bridge, e.g., "your call is important to us, please keep waiting", you can simply initiate a <code style="font-family: monospace">/play</code> operation on the holding bridge itself. That will perform a playback to all participants in the same fashion as an announcer channel.</p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">An announcer channel is particularly useful when there is someone actually on the other end of the channel, as opposed to a pre-recorded message. For example, you may have a call queue supervisor who wants to let everyone who is waiting for an agent that response times are especially long, but to hold on for a bit longer. Jumping into the holding bridge as an announcer adds a small bit of humanity to the dreaded call queue experience!</p> </td>
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<h3 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-Musiconhold,mediaplayback,recording,andothersuchthings" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0">Music on hold, media playback, recording, and other such things</h3>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">When dealing with holding bridges, given the particular media rules and channel roles involves, there are some additional catches that you have to be aware when manipulating the bridge:</p>
<ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li>Playing music on hold to the bridge will play it for all participants, as well playing media to the bridge. However, you can only do <strong>one</strong> of those operations - you cannot play media to a holding bridge while you are simultaneously playing music on hold to the bridge. Initiating a <code style="font-family: monospace">/play</code> operation on a holding bridge should only be done after stopping the music on hold; likewise, starting music on hold on a bridge with a <code style="font-family: monospace">/play</code> operation currently in progress will fail.</li>
<li>Recording a holding bridge - while possible - is not terribly interesting. Participant media is dropped - so at best, you'll only record the entertainment that was played to the participants.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-Therecanbeonlyone!" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0">There can be only one!</h3>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">You cannot have an announcer channel in a holding bridge at the same time that you perform a <code style="font-family: monospace">play</code> operation or have music on hold playing to the bridge. Holding bridges do <strong>not</strong> mix the media between announcers. Since media from the <code style="font-family: monospace">play</code> operation has to go to all participants, as does your announcer channel's media, the holding bridge will become quite confused about your application's intent.</p>
<h1 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-Example:Infinitewaitarea" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Example: Infinite wait area</h1>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Now that we all know that holding bridges are perfect for building what many callers fear - the dreaded waiting area of doom - let's make one! This example ARI application will do the following:</p>
<ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li>When a channel enters into the Stasis application, it will be put into a existing holding bridge or a newly created one if none exist.</li>
<li>Music on hold will be played on the bridge.</li>
<li>Periodically, the <code style="font-family: monospace">thnk-u-for-patience</code> sound will be played to the bridge thanking the users for their patience, which they will need since this holding bridge will never progress beyond this point!</li>
<li>When a channel leaves a holding bridge, if no other channels remain, the bridge will be destroyed.</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-Dialplan" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Dialplan</h2>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">For this example, we need to just drop the channel into Stasis, specifying our application:</p>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">exten => 1000,1,NoOp()
same => n,Stasis(bridge-infinite-wait)
same => n,Hangup()</pre> </td>
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<h2 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-Python" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Python</h2>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">This example will use a similar structure to the bridge-hold python example. There are, however, a few differences:</p>
<ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li>We'll use a timer to perform our periodic announcement to the holding bridge.</li>
<li>When all the channels have left the infinite wait area, we'll destroy the holding bridge (cleaning up resources is always good!)</li>
</ol>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">To start, let's</p>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> </span> </p>
<h3 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-bridge-infinite-wait.py" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">bridge-infinite-wait.py</span> </h3>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">true</span></td>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">py</span></td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">#!/usr/bin/env python
import ari
import logging
import threading
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
client = ari.connect('http://localhost:8088', 'asterisk', 'asterisk')
# find or create a holding bridge
holding_bridge = None
# Announcer timer
announcer_timer = None
def find_or_create_bridge():
"""Find our infinite wait bridge, or create a new one
Returns:
The one and only holding bridge
"""
global holding_bridge
global announcer_timer
if holding_bridge:
return holding_bridge
bridges = [candidate for candidate in client.bridges.list() if
candidate.json['bridge_type'] == 'holding']
if bridges:
bridge = bridges[0]
print "Using bridge %s" % bridge.id
else:
bridge = client.bridges.create(type='holding')
bridge.startMoh()
print "Created bridge %s" % bridge.id
def play_announcement(bridge):
"""Play an announcement to the bridge"""
def on_playback_finished(playback, ev):
"""Handler for the announcement's PlaybackFinished event"""
global announcer_timer
global holding_bridge
holding_bridge.startMoh()
announcer_timer = threading.Timer(30, play_announcement,
[holding_bridge])
announcer_timer.start()
bridge.stopMoh()
print "Letting the everyone know we care..."
thanks_playback = bridge.play(media='sound:thnk-u-for-patience')
thanks_playback.on_event('PlaybackFinished', on_playback_finished)
def on_channel_left_bridge(bridge, ev):
"""Handler for ChannelLeftBridge event"""
global holding_bridge
global announcer_timer
channel = ev.get('channel')
channel_count = len(bridge.json.get('channels'))
print "Channel %s left bridge %s" % (channel.get('name'), bridge.id)
if holding_bridge.id == bridge.id and channel_count == 0:
if announcer_timer:
announcer_timer.cancel()
announcer_timer = None
print "Destroying bridge %s" % bridge.id
holding_bridge.destroy()
holding_bridge = None
holding_bridge = bridge
holding_bridge.on_event('ChannelLeftBridge', on_channel_left_bridge)
# After 30 seconds, let everyone in the bridge know that we care
announcer_timer = threading.Timer(30, play_announcement, [holding_bridge])
announcer_timer.start()
return bridge
def stasis_start_cb(channel_obj, ev):
"""Handler for StasisStart event"""
bridge = find_or_create_bridge()
channel = channel_obj.get('channel')
print "Channel %s just entered our application, adding it to bridge %s" % (
channel.json.get('name'), holding_bridge.id)
channel.answer()
bridge.addChannel(channel=channel.id)
def stasis_end_cb(channel, ev):
"""Handler for StasisEnd event"""
print "Channel %s just left our application" % channel.json.get('name')
client.on_channel_event('StasisStart', stasis_start_cb)
client.on_channel_event('StasisEnd', stasis_end_cb)
client.run(apps='bridge-infinite-wait')
</span>
</pre> </td>
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<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> </span> </p>
<h3 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-bridge-infinite-wait.pyinaction" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">bridge-infinite-wait.py in action</span> </h3>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Created bridge 950c4805-c33c-4895-ad9a-2798055e4939
Channel PJSIP/alice-00000000 just entered our application, adding it to bridge 950c4805-c33c-4895-ad9a-2798055e4939
Letting the everyone know we care...
Channel PJSIP/alice-00000000 left bridge 950c4805-c33c-4895-ad9a-2798055e4939
Destroying bridge 950c4805-c33c-4895-ad9a-2798055e4939
Channel PJSIP/alice-00000000 just left our application</span>
</pre> </td>
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<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> </span> </p>
<h2 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-JavaScript(Node.js)" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">JavaScript (Node.js)</h2>
<table class="diff-macro" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">This example needs to be updated</p> </td>
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<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">This example will use a similar structure to the bridge-hold.js example. The main difference is that we will be creating and destroying bridges depending on the volume of channels present instead of reusing the same bridge for all incoming channels. When a channel enters our Stasis application, we first look for an existing holding bridge or create one if none is found.</p>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">true</td>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">firstline</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">20</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">client.bridges.list(function(err, bridges) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
var bridge = bridges.filter(function(candidate) {
return candidate.bridge_type === 'holding';
})[0];
if (bridge) {
console.log('Using bridge %s', bridge.id);
joinBridge(bridge);
} else {
client.bridges.create({type: 'holding'}, function(err, newBridge) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
console.log('Created bridge %s', bridge.id);
joinBridge(newBridge);
});
}
});</pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">The joinBridge function involves registered a callback for the ChannelLeftBridge event, adding the channel to the bridge, starting music on hold on the bridge and finally playing the <code style="font-family: monospace">thnk-u-for-patience</code> sound on the channel:</p>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">true</td>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">firstline</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">44</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">function joinBridge(bridge) {
bridge.on('ChannelLeftBridge', function(event, instances) {
channelLeftBridge(event, instances, bridge);
});
bridge.startMoh(function(err) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
});
bridge.addChannel({channel: channel.id}, function(err) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
});
channel.answer(function(err) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
channel.play({media: 'sound:thnk-u-for-patience'},
function(err, playback) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
});
});
} </pre> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Notice that we use an anonymous function to pass the bridge as an extra parameter to the ChannelLeftBridge callback so we can keep the handler at the same level as joinBridge and avoid another indentation level of callbacks. Finally, we can handle destroying the bridge when the last channel contained in it has left:</p>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">75</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">function channelLeftBridge(event, instances, bridge) {
var holdingBridge = instances.bridge;
var channel = instances.channel;
console.log('Channel %s left bridge %s', channel.name, bridge.id);
if (holdingBridge.id === bridge.id &&
holdingBridge.channels.length === 0) {
bridge.destroy(function(err) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
});
}
}</pre> </td>
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<h3 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-bridge-infinite-wait.js" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0">bridge-infinite-wait.js</h3>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">The full source code for <code style="font-family: monospace">bridge-infinite-wait.js</code> is shown below:</p>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">true</td>
</tr>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">language</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">js</td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">/*jshint node:true*/
'use strict';
var ari = require('ari-client');
var util = require('util');
ari.connect('http://ari.js:8088', 'user', 'secret', clientLoaded);
// handler for client being loaded
function clientLoaded (err, client) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
// handler for StasisStart event
function stasisStart(event, channel) {
console.log('Channel %s just entered our application', channel.name);
// find or create a holding bridge
client.bridges.list(function(err, bridges) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
var bridge = bridges.filter(function(candidate) {
return candidate.bridge_type === 'holding';
})[0];
if (bridge) {
console.log('Using bridge %s', bridge.id);
joinBridge(bridge);
} else {
client.bridges.create({type: 'holding'}, function(err, newBridge) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
console.log('Created bridge %s', newBridge.id);
joinBridge(newBridge);
});
}
});
function joinBridge(bridge) {
bridge.on('ChannelLeftBridge', function(event, instances) {
channelLeftBridge(event, instances, bridge);
});
bridge.startMoh(function(err) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
});
bridge.addChannel({channel: channel.id}, function(err) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
});
channel.answer(function(err) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
channel.play({media: 'sound:thnk-u-for-patience'},
function(err, playback) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
});
});
}
// Handler for ChannelLeftBridge event
function channelLeftBridge(event, instances, bridge) {
var holdingBridge = instances.bridge;
var channel = instances.channel;
console.log('Channel %s left bridge %s', channel.name, bridge.id);
if (holdingBridge.id === bridge.id &&
holdingBridge.channels.length === 0) {
bridge.destroy(function(err) {
if (err) {
throw err;
}
});
}
}
}
// handler for StasisEnd event
function stasisEnd(event, channel) {
console.log('Channel %s just left our application', channel.name);
}
client.on('StasisStart', stasisStart);
client.on('StasisEnd', stasisEnd);
client.start('bridge-hold');
}</pre> </td>
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<h3 id="ARIandBridges:HoldingBridges-bridge-infinite-wait.jsinaction" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 30px 0 0 0">bridge-infinite-wait.js in action</h3>
<p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">The following shows the output of the <code style="font-family: monospace">bridge-infinite-wait.js</code> script when a <code style="font-family: monospace">PJSIP</code> channel for <code style="font-family: monospace">alice</code> enters the application:</p>
<table class="diff-macro" style="background-color: #f0f0f0;border: 1px solid #dddddd;margin: 10px 1px;padding: 0 2px 2px;width: 100%;; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; color: #333">
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro-icon?name=code" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Code Block</th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <pre style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Channel PJSIP/alice-00000001 just entered our application
Created bridge 4c7d939e-b9ca-440d-86e4-c6651bf1f8c3
Channel PJSIP/alice-00000001 left bridge 4c7d939e-b9ca-440d-86e4-c6651bf1f8c3
Channel PJSIP/alice-00000001 just left our application</pre> </td>
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