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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~kmoore?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_d85270d3fb7db00ff5572666ba67d7fd" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<td class="notification-comment-pattern-container mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px"><strong>Change comment:</strong> Add ToC formatting</td>
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<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Bridges?src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
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<td class="content-excerpt-pattern-container mobile-resize-text " style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 0 24px"> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">...</p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/note.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Note</th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">Top-level page to discuss Bridges in Asterisk</p>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li>What is a bridge?
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0">
<li>How do bridges interact with channels?</li>
</ul> </li>
<li>When are bridges used?</li>
<li>What are the various bridge types?</li>
</ul>
<ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li style="text-decoration: none;"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration: none;">Native</span> </p>
<ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li style="text-decoration: none;"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration: none;">SIP (remote & local)</span> </p> </li>
<li style="text-decoration: none;"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration: none;">IAX (not in 12)</span> </p> </li>
<li style="text-decoration: none;"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration: none;">DAHDI</span> </p> </li>
</ol> </li>
<li style="text-decoration: none;"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration: none;">Core</span> </p>
<ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li style="text-decoration: none;"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration: none;">Features</span> </p> </li>
</ol> </li>
<li style="text-decoration: none;"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration: none;">Multiparty</span> </p>
<ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li style="text-decoration: none;"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration: none;">Only in 12 (unless you count ConfBridge)</span> </p> </li>
</ol> </li>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <h1 id="Bridges-Overview" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-0" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Overview</span> </h1> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">In Asterisk, a bridge is the construct that shares media between </span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Channels</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">. While a channel represents the path of communication between Asterisk and some device, a bridge is how that path of communication is shared among one or more channels. Note that while we generally think of media being directed between two channels, media can also be directed from Asterisk into the channels in a bridge. This can be the case in some conferences, where Music on Hold is played for waiting channels.</span> </p> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Generally, however, a bridge is created by Asterisk when it knows that two or more channels want to communicate. A variety of applications and API calls can cause a bridge to be created. Some of these include:</span> </p>
<ul style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Dial</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> - a bridge is created for the two channels when the outbound channel answers. Both the inbound channel and the outbound channel are placed into the bridge.</span> </li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Bridge</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> - this directly creates a new bridge and places two channels into the bridge. Unlike Dial, both channels have to already exist.</span> </li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">BridgeWait</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> (Asterisk 12+) - creates a special holding bridge and places a channel into it. Any number of channels may join the holding bridge, which can entertain them in a variety of ways.</span> </li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">MeetMe</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">/</span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">ConfBridge</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> - both of these applications are used for conferencing, and can support multiple channels together in the same bridge.</span> </li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Page</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> - a conferencing bridge (similar to MeetMe/ConfBridge) is used to direct the audio from the announcer to the many dialled channels.</span> </li>
<li> <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Parking</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> (Asterisk 12+) - a special holding bridge is used for Parking, which entertains the waiting channel with hold music.</span> </li>
<li> <span class="confluence-link"><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">DTMF Features</span></a></span><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> - DTMF feature invocations can create, modify, or destroy bridges</span> </li>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Asterisk 12+: Bridging Changed</span></td>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-3" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">In Asterisk 12, the bridging framework that </span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">ConfBridge</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> was built on top of was extended to all bridges that Asterisk creates (with the exception of MeetMe). There are some new capabilities that this afforded Asterisk users; where applicable, this page will call out features that only apply to Asterisk 12 and later versions.</span> </p> </td>
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</table> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">While channels are in a bridge, their media is exchanged in a manner dictated by the bridge's </span><strong><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">mixing type</span></strong><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">. When channels leave a bridge they either continue doing what they were doing prior to entering the bridge, they continue executing dialplan, or they are hung up. Channels typically leave a bridge when the application that created the bridge is terminated (such as a conference leader ending a ConfBridge conference) or when the other side hangs up (such as in a two-party bridge created by Dial).</span> </p> </td>
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</table> <h1 id="Bridges-BridgeTypes" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Bridge Types</h1> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">There are many types of bridges in Asterisk, each of which determine how the media is mixed between the participants of the bridge. The following</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">A core bridge is the basic two-party bridge in Asterisk. Any channel, of any type, can communicate with any channel of any other type. Media can be transcoded between various formats, and Asterisk's <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">features</span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">feature</span> </p> </td>
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