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<td id="header-avatar-image-container" valign="top" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; vertical-align: top; width: 32px; padding-right: 9px"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/~rnewton?src=email" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img id="header-avatar-image" class="image_fix" src="cid:avatar_925838d3d8b1f71935f30b314c925d64" height="32" width="32" border="0" style="border-radius: 3px; vertical-align: top" /></a></td>
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<td class="notification-comment-pattern-container mobile-resize-text" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px"><strong>Change comment:</strong> final tweaks and removing construction sign</td>
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<td id="page-title-pattern-icon-image-container-cell" style="padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; width: 16px; padding: 9px 8px 0px 0px; mso-text-raise: 5px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><a href="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Channels?src=email" title="page icon" style="vertical-align: top;; color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><img style="vertical-align: top; display: block;" src="cid:page-icon" alt="page icon" title="page icon" height="16" width="16" border="0" /></a></td>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/images/icons/macrobrowser/dropdown/warning.png" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Warning</span></th>
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<td class="diff-macro-body" style="background-color: #fff;border: 1px solid #dddddd;padding: 10px;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse"> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; margin-top: 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Under Construction</span> </p> </td>
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</table> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Topics</span> </p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <h1 id="Channels-AsteriskChannels" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-0" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Asterisk Channels</span> </h1> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <h1 id="Channels-AsteriskChannels" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"></h1> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Other topics:</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Inbound versus Outbound</span> <br /> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Children</span> </p> <h1 id="Channels-AsteriskChannels" class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-removed" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Asterisk Channels</span> </h1> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Almost nothing happens in Asterisk without a channel being involved. A channel is an entity inside Asterisk that acts as a channel of communication between Asterisk and another device. That is, a phone, a PBX, another Asterisk system, or even Asterisk itself (in the case of a <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">local channel</a>).</p> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Our documentation and many Asterisk users speak <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-0" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">about channels </span>in terms of "calls". A <strong><span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-2" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">call</span></strong><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> </span>can be one or more channels creating a path of communication or activity through the Asterisk system.</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p>
<ul class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">
<li>A SIP channel driver such as <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">chan_sip</a> or <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">chan_pjsip</a>.<span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">A Hardware interface driver such as </span> </li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-1" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">DAHDI channels provided by </span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">chan_dahdi</a>.</li>
<li> <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-4" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Virtual </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-2" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Local </span>channels <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-5" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">such as </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-3" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">provided by </span><a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">chan_local</a>. (This was moved into the core in Asterisk 12)</li>
</ul> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <strong><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-4" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">SIP channels</span></strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> are used to interface with SIP capable VOIP devices, such as phones, channel banks, other PBXs or Internet Telephony Service Providers.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">DAHDI channels </span></strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">are used to interface with DAHDI drivers and PRI libraries. In this case chan_dahdi allows you to use any DAHDI capable devices, such as Digium's line of T1/E1/J1 interface cards.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Local channels</span></strong><span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;"> are used for dialing inward to the system itself, allowing any Asterisk component that can dial to call directly into dialplan. This provides a sort of "fake" call that still executes real instructions.</span> </p> <h1 id="Channels-ConfiguringChannels" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Configuring Channels</h1> <h2 id="Channels-TextFileConfiguration" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0; margin-top: 10px">Text File Configuration</h2> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">The primary exception is with <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Local Channels</a>. In the case of local channels, you'll typically have two local channel legs, one that is treated as outbound and the other as inbound. In this case both are really inside Asterisk, but one is executing dialplan and the other is not. The leg executing dialplan is the one treated as inbound.</p> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Below we'll diagram <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-6" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">some examples to make things clear</span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-5" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">a few examples for clarity</span>.</p> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"></p>
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<th class="diff-macro-title" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;padding: 5px;"><span class="icon macro-placeholder-icon" style="background-color: ;line-height: 20px;"><img src="https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/s/en_GB-1988229788/4732/f543bd9a3bbc12daed85f6f5e5cba84282599932.48/_/plugins/servlet/confluence/placeholder/macro-icon?name=gliffy" style="padding-right: 5px; vertical-align: text-bottom;" /> </span>Gliffy Diagram</th>
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<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">name</td>
<td style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 0 0 0 5px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse">InboundOutboundChannels</td>
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</table> <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-7" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">Example explanations:</span> <p style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"></p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-6" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">The figures have been kept somewhat generic and should apply to most channel types. Each figure shows the final state of the call, rather than a sequence of events.</span> </p> <p class="diff-block-target diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Below are explanations of the various figures.</span> </p> <h2 id="Channels-Fig1" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Fig 1</h2> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">One phone dials another phone; about as simple as it gets.</p> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">The <strong>inbound</strong> channel is created from Alice's phone calling Asterisk. Asterisk then calls the extension dialed by Alice by creating an <strong>outbound</strong> channel to talk to Bob. Once the call is established the two channels are put into a bridge.</p> <h2 id="Channels-Fig2" class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0">Fig 2</h2> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">A user runs the <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none"><span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-3" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">originate</span></a><span class="diff-html-changed" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;"> </span>command from <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">AMI</a>, or maybe something like "channel originate SIP/Alice application playback demo-congrats" from the <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">CLI</a>. Asterisk creates an <strong>outbound</strong> channel to call the device specified (SIP/Alice). When answered, Asterisk begins treating the channel like an <strong>inbound</strong> channel and connects it to the specified dialplan application.</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">Perhaps a user runs originate again - but this time "channel originate SIP/Alice extension dialbob@internal" from the <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">CLI</a>. Where dialbob@internal <span class="diff-html-removed" id="removed-diff-8" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ffe7e7; text-decoration: line-through;">tells </span><span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-7" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">contains dialplan telling </span>Asterisk to dial outbound to SIP/Bob. At first, the created <strong>outbound</strong> channel would look like Fig 2 where it begins to be treated as <strong>inbound</strong> after the device answers the call. At that point, a number of things happen:</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">For this example demonstrating relationships between channels and other elements we used non-optimized local channels. If the local channels are optimized, then they will optimize themselves out of this mix and Alice and Bob's channels would be bridged together directly.</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> <h1 id="Channels-ChannelVariableInheritance" class="diff-block-target" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 40px 0 0 0"> <span class="diff-html-added" id="added-diff-8" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddfade;">Channel </span><span class="diff-html-changed" id="changed-diff-4" style="background-color: #d6f0ff;">Variable Inheritance</span> </h1> <p class="diff-block-context" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">When working with channels you'll almost certainly be touching channel variables. It is useful to note that upon setting a channel variable the level of inheritance between channels can be defined. This is discussed in the <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Channel Variables</a> sub-section <a class="confluence-link unresolved" href="#" style="color: #3b73af; text-decoration: none">Variable Inheritance</a>.</p> <p class="diff-context-placeholder" style="margin: 10px 0 0 0">...</p> </td>
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