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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Yes, I have what you’ve specified
except for fxsks, I have 4 since my module is in slot 4, is that the right way
to do it? Here’s the output of ztcfg:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'># ztcfg -vvvvvv<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Keyword: [loadzone], Value: [us]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Keyword: [defaultzone], Value: [us]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Keyword: [fxsks], Value: [4]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Zaptel Version: 1.4.0-BSD<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Echo Canceller: MG2<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Configuration<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>======================<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Channel map:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Channel 04: FXS Kewlstart (Default)
(Slaves: 04)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>1 channels configured.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>John S. Strock<br>
</span></font><b><font size=2 color=red face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:red;font-weight:bold'><br>
</span></font></b><strong><b><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Bridgerland Applied <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Technology</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">College</st1:PlaceType></st1:place></span></font></b></strong><b><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy;font-weight:bold'><br>
</span></font></b><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Information Technology Department
Head/Instructor</span></font><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>(435) 760-0390</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><a href="http://www.batc.edu">www.batc.edu</a></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com
[mailto:asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Simpson Chua<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, May 29, 2007 9:51
pm<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> asterisk-bsd@lists.digium.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Asterisk-bsd] Re:
Asterisk-BSD Digest, Vol 34, Issue 15</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>How does your zaptel.conf look like?<br>
Have you configured your zaptel.conf to include your FXO channel?<br>
<br>
Example:<br>
fxsks = 1<br>
loadzone = us<br>
defaultzone = us<br>
<br>
modprobe wctdm before ztcfg -vvvvv ?<br>
<br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>asterisk-bsd-request@lists.digium.com</span></i></b>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Send Asterisk-BSD mailing list submissions to<br>
asterisk-bsd@lists.digium.com<br>
<br>
To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit<br>
http://lists.digium.com/mailman/listinfo/asterisk-bsd<br>
or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to<br>
asterisk-bsd-request@lists.digium.com<br>
<br>
You can reach the person managing the list at<br>
asterisk-bsd-owner@lists.digium.com<br>
<br>
When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific<br>
than "Re: Contents of Asterisk-BSD digest..."<br>
<br>
<br>
Today's Topics:<br>
<br>
1. Zaptel Drivers (John S. Strock)<br>
2. RE: Zaptel Drivers (Mimura,Shigeki)<br>
3. RE: Zaptel Drivers (John S. Strock)<br>
4. RE: Zaptel Drivers (John S. Strock)<br>
5. RE: Zaptel Drivers (Mimura,Shigeki)<br>
6. RE: Zaptel Drivers (John S. Strock)<br>
7. Re: Zaptel Drivers (<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Chad</st1:place></st1:country-region>
Leigh -- Pengar Enterprises Inc)<br>
<br>
<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Tue, 29 May 2007 15:28:03 -0600<br>
From: "John S. Strock" <br>
<jstrock@batc.edu>Subject: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
To: <br>
<asterisk-bsd@lists.digium.com>Message-ID: <002c01c7a238$3d5de360$c8c871cc@Tiger><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"<br>
<br>
I'm running FreeBSD v6.2 and Asterisk v1.4.3. I've installed Asterisk via<br>
the Ports and everything has been working great. I just ordered and<br>
received a TDM01B card from Digium and am not sure how to install and<br>
configure anything for it. Ztcfg -vv give me the following:<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
ztcfg -vv<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Notice: Configuration file is /usr/local/etc/zaptel.conf<br>
<br>
line 0: Unable to open master device '/dev/zap/ctl'<br>
<br>
Keyword: [fxsks], Value: [1,2,3,4]<br>
<br>
Keyword: [loadzone], Value: [us]<br>
<br>
Keyword: [defaultzone], Value: [us]<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
1 error(s) detected<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
I've been using FreeBSD for several years, but am not familiar with loading<br>
drivers or devices (I knew how to load devices in v4.11, but not this<br>
version).<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Can you direct me to any articles on configuring my card for FreeBSD? Or<br>
offer any help?<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
John Strock<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
-------------- next part --------------<br>
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<br>
------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 2<br>
Date: Wed, 30 May 2007 09:49:22 +0900<br>
From: "Mimura,Shigeki" <br>
<smimura@touchstone-cs.co.jp>Subject: RE: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
To: "Asterisk on BSD discussion" <br>
<asterisk-bsd@lists.digium.com>Message-ID:<br>
<1D5B9937D6DCF046B4A00C76DBC70279230CB5@tsmail.TOUCHSTONE.local><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<br>
<br>
<br>
John Strock wrote:<br>
<br>
> I'm running FreeBSD v6.2 and Asterisk v1.4.3. I've installed
Asterisk via the Ports and everything has been working great. I just
ordered and received a TDM01B card from Digium and am not sure how to install
and configure anything for it. Ztcfg -vv give me the following:<br>
> <br>
> ztcfg -vv<br>
> <br>
> Notice: Configuration file is /usr/local/etc/zaptel.conf<br>
> line 0: Unable to open master device '/dev/zap/ctl'<br>
> Keyword: [fxsks], Value: [1,2,3,4]<br>
> Keyword: [loadzone], Value: [us]<br>
> Keyword: [defaultzone], Value: [us]<br>
> <br>
> 1 error(s) detected<br>
> <br>
> I've been using FreeBSD for several years, but am not familiar with
loading drivers or devices (I knew how to load devices in v4.11, but not this
version).<br>
> <br>
> Can you direct me to any articles on configuring my card for
FreeBSD? Or offer any help?<br>
<br>
Did you load zaptel drivers?<br>
You should add zaptel_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf, and then restart
or execute '/usr/local/etc/rc.d/zaptel start'.<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 3<br>
Date: Tue, 29 May 2007 19:14:56 -0600<br>
From: "John S. Strock" <br>
<jstrock@batc.edu>Subject: RE: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
To: "'Asterisk on BSD discussion'" <br>
<asterisk-bsd@lists.digium.com>Message-ID: <003f01c7a257$ef5e2f10$c8c871cc@Tiger><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<br>
<br>
Yes, I have zaptel_enable="YES" in rc.conf, and I get the following
error<br>
when I issue /usr/local/etc/rc.d/zaptel.sh start<br>
<br>
zaptelkldload: can't load /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko: Operation not<br>
permitted<br>
<br>
I'm assuming it has to do with the zaptel device that's not loaded yet.<br>
<br>
Any other ideas?<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
<br>
John<br>
<br>
<br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com<br>
[mailto:asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com] On Behalf Of Mimura,Shigeki<br>
Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2007 6:49 pm<br>
To: Asterisk on BSD discussion<br>
Subject: RE: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
<br>
<br>
John Strock wrote:<br>
<br>
> I'm running FreeBSD v6.2 and Asterisk v1.4.3. I've installed
Asterisk via<br>
the Ports and everything has been working great. I just ordered and<br>
received a TDM01B card from Digium and am not sure how to install and<br>
configure anything for it. Ztcfg -vv give me the following:<br>
> <br>
> ztcfg -vv<br>
> <br>
> Notice: Configuration file is /usr/local/etc/zaptel.conf<br>
> line 0: Unable to open master device '/dev/zap/ctl'<br>
> Keyword: [fxsks], Value: [1,2,3,4]<br>
> Keyword: [loadzone], Value: [us]<br>
> Keyword: [defaultzone], Value: [us]<br>
> <br>
> 1 error(s) detected<br>
> <br>
> I've been using FreeBSD for several years, but am not familiar with<br>
loading drivers or devices (I knew how to load devices in v4.11, but not<br>
this version).<br>
> <br>
> Can you direct me to any articles on configuring my card for
FreeBSD? Or<br>
offer any help?<br>
<br>
Did you load zaptel drivers?<br>
You should add zaptel_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf, and then restart
or<br>
execute '/usr/local/etc/rc.d/zaptel start'.<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Asterisk-BSD mailing list<br>
Asterisk-BSD@lists.digium.com<br>
http://lists.digium.com/mailman/listinfo/asterisk-bsd<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 4<br>
Date: Tue, 29 May 2007 19:17:30 -0600<br>
From: "John S. Strock" <br>
<jstrock@batc.edu>Subject: RE: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
To: "'Asterisk on BSD discussion'" <br>
<asterisk-bsd@lists.digium.com>Message-ID:
<004001c7a258$4b0be140$c8c871cc@Tiger><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<br>
<br>
As a side note, how do I get zaptel.ko, I assume when I installed Asterisk<br>
via the ports, it would've installed the *.ko file, but apparently not.<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
<br>
John<br>
<br>
<br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com<br>
[mailto:asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com] On Behalf Of Mimura,Shigeki<br>
Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2007 6:49 pm<br>
To: Asterisk on BSD discussion<br>
Subject: RE: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
<br>
<br>
John Strock wrote:<br>
<br>
> I'm running FreeBSD v6.2 and Asterisk v1.4.3. I've installed
Asterisk via<br>
the Ports and everything has been working great. I just ordered and<br>
received a TDM01B card from Digium and am not sure how to install and<br>
configure anything for it. Ztcfg -vv give me the following:<br>
> <br>
> ztcfg -vv<br>
> <br>
> Notice: Configuration file is /usr/local/etc/zaptel.conf<br>
> line 0: Unable to open master device '/dev/zap/ctl'<br>
> Keyword: [fxsks], Value: [1,2,3,4]<br>
> Keyword: [loadzone], Value: [us]<br>
> Keyword: [defaultzone], Value: [us]<br>
> <br>
> 1 error(s) detected<br>
> <br>
> I've been using FreeBSD for several years, but am not familiar with<br>
loading drivers or devices (I knew how to load devices in v4.11, but not<br>
this version).<br>
> <br>
> Can you direct me to any articles on configuring my card for
FreeBSD? Or<br>
offer any help?<br>
<br>
Did you load zaptel drivers?<br>
You should add zaptel_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf, and then restart
or<br>
execute '/usr/local/etc/rc.d/zaptel start'.<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Asterisk-BSD mailing list<br>
Asterisk-BSD@lists.digium.com<br>
http://lists.digium.com/mailman/listinfo/asterisk-bsd<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 5<br>
Date: Wed, 30 May 2007 11:10:40 +0900<br>
From: "Mimura,Shigeki" <br>
<smimura@touchstone-cs.co.jp>Subject: RE: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
To: "Asterisk on BSD discussion" <br>
<asterisk-bsd@lists.digium.com>Message-ID:<br>
<1D5B9937D6DCF046B4A00C76DBC70279230CB6@tsmail.TOUCHSTONE.local><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"<br>
<br>
John Strock wrote: <br>
> As a side note, how do I get zaptel.ko, I assume when I installed<br>
Asterisk<br>
> via the ports, it would've installed the *.ko file, but apparently<br>
not.<br>
<br>
When you installed asterisk from ports, also zaptel was installed under<br>
'/usr/local/lib/zaptel'.<br>
How about to execute 'kldload /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko'?<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 6<br>
Date: Tue, 29 May 2007 20:28:01 -0600<br>
From: "John S. Strock" <br>
<jstrock@batc.edu>Subject: RE: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
To: "'Asterisk on BSD discussion'" <br>
<asterisk-bsd@lists.digium.com>Message-ID:
<004601c7a262$25181b20$c8c871cc@Tiger><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"<br>
<br>
After receiving your last response, one thing hit me, I have my server<br>
locked down and have the following in my /etc/rc.conf file:<br>
<br>
kern_securelevel_enable="YES"<br>
kern_securelevel="1"<br>
<br>
So I've now disabled these lines, and I get the following errors, now<br>
instead of "Operation not permitted", I received "File
Exists":<br>
<br>
<br>
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/zaptel.sh start<br>
zaptelkldload: can't load /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko: File exists<br>
<br>
# kldload /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko<br>
kldload: can't load /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko: File exists<br>
<br>
Again, I'm not familiar with loading modules and devices so I'm not sure<br>
what this means.<br>
<br>
To answer your install question...<br>
<br>
Installing Asterisk from ports appeared to have installed zaptel as well,<br>
because when I tried to install zaptel from ports, I received an error<br>
stating it was already installed. Also, the zaptel.ko file exists in<br>
/usr/local/lib/zaptel, so again, I assume it was created for me.<br>
<br>
Any more ideas?<br>
<br>
Thanks again,<br>
<br>
John<br>
<br>
<br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com<br>
[mailto:asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com] On Behalf Of Mimura,Shigeki<br>
Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2007 8:11 pm<br>
To: Asterisk on BSD discussion<br>
Subject: RE: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
<br>
John Strock wrote: <br>
> As a side note, how do I get zaptel.ko, I assume when I installed<br>
Asterisk<br>
> via the ports, it would've installed the *.ko file, but apparently<br>
not.<br>
<br>
When you installed asterisk from ports, also zaptel was installed under<br>
'/usr/local/lib/zaptel'.<br>
How about to execute 'kldload /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko'?<br>
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Message: 7<br>
Date: Tue, 29 May 2007 20:33:46 -0600<br>
From: Chad Leigh -- Pengar Enterprises Inc <br>
<chad@pengar.com>Subject: Re: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
To: Asterisk on BSD discussion <br>
<asterisk-bsd@lists.digium.com>Message-ID:
<5C9099CB-ECCA-4479-94A4-B1725DE09BFC@pengar.com><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed<br>
<br>
<br>
On May 29, 2007, at 8:28 PM, John S. Strock wrote:<br>
<br>
> After receiving your last response, one thing hit me, I have my server<br>
> locked down and have the following in my /etc/rc.conf file:<br>
><br>
> kern_securelevel_enable="YES"<br>
> kern_securelevel="1"<br>
<br>
I thought that might be a problem but was checking some things before <br>
I replied as I was not sure how that affected kernel modules<br>
<br>
><br>
> So I've now disabled these lines, and I get the following errors, now<br>
> instead of "Operation not permitted", I received "File
Exists":<br>
><br>
><br>
> # /usr/local/etc/rc.d/zaptel.sh start<br>
> zaptelkldload: can't load /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko: File exists<br>
><br>
> # kldload /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko<br>
> kldload: can't load /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko: File exists<br>
<br>
maybe it is already loaded from your startup?<br>
<br>
try<br>
<br>
# kldstat<br>
<br>
<br>
is it listed?<br>
<br>
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Chad</st1:place></st1:country-region><br>
<br>
><br>
> Again, I'm not familiar with loading modules and devices so I'm not <br>
> sure<br>
> what this means.<br>
><br>
> To answer your install question...<br>
><br>
> Installing Asterisk from ports appeared to have installed zaptel as <br>
> well,<br>
> because when I tried to install zaptel from ports, I received an error<br>
> stating it was already installed. Also, the zaptel.ko file exists in<br>
> /usr/local/lib/zaptel, so again, I assume it was created for me.<br>
><br>
> Any more ideas?<br>
><br>
> Thanks again,<br>
><br>
> John<br>
><br>
><br>
> -----Original Message-----<br>
> From: asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com<br>
> [mailto:asterisk-bsd-bounces@lists.digium.com] On Behalf Of <br>
> Mimura,Shigeki<br>
> Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2007 8:11 pm<br>
> To: Asterisk on BSD discussion<br>
> Subject: RE: [Asterisk-bsd] Zaptel Drivers<br>
><br>
> John Strock wrote:<br>
>> As a side note, how do I get zaptel.ko, I assume when I installed<br>
> Asterisk<br>
>> via the ports, it would've installed the *.ko file, but apparently<br>
> not.<br>
><br>
> When you installed asterisk from ports, also zaptel was installed <br>
> under<br>
> '/usr/local/lib/zaptel'.<br>
> How about to execute 'kldload /usr/local/lib/zaptel/zaptel.ko'?<br>
> _______________________________________________<br>
> Asterisk-BSD mailing list<br>
> Asterisk-BSD@lists.digium.com<br>
> http://lists.digium.com/mailman/listinfo/asterisk-bsd<br>
><br>
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> Asterisk-BSD@lists.digium.com<br>
> http://lists.digium.com/mailman/listinfo/asterisk-bsd<br>
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End of Asterisk-BSD Digest, Vol 34, Issue 15<br>
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